傳記出版與社會變遷—我國1949年以來傳記出版研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-05 11:26
【摘要】：人是社會生活的主體,傳記則是人的歷史；傳記在展現人的歷史的同時,也記錄了一個時代的各種具體文化現象。傳記古老而又時新。在西方,傳記真正成為一門獨立的文體品種是20世紀上半葉出現的新傳記。我國傳記上承古代《史記》的史傳傳統,到了20世紀初,由梁啟超、胡適等倡導,從理論與創(chuàng)作實踐方面開創(chuàng)了我國新的傳記。隨著時代的發(fā)展,傳記逐漸走出了與史學的分野,真正獨立于文學之林。這一非虛構文體自20世紀下半葉以來,特別是90年代之后,出現了繁榮與勃興。傳記已經成為一個自成格局、具有特殊性的文學乃至文化與出版現象。傳記作品從著者創(chuàng)作到以圖書形態(tài)呈現出來并在受眾中廣布,出版這一環(huán)節(jié)承載著重要的作用和功能,可以說,離開出版就沒有傳記；而在當代出版實踐中,傳記蓬勃發(fā)展,傳記作品已成為圖書出版物中一個重要的集群與類別,在圖書市場中展現出堅挺的身影。傳記的蓬勃發(fā)展呼喚著出版理論研究。傳記出版也因應著時代與社會。本研究從出版?zhèn)鞑W、出版與社會關系等角度,試圖解決這么幾個主要問題：一、我國1949年以來傳記出版究竟是怎樣一個狀況；二、傳記出版受到哪些因素的影響；三、傳記出版與社會、時代的關系,等等。本研究利用了相關書目數據,借鑒了出版雙效理論、書史理論、媒介空間理論以及社會變遷理論等,運用了跨學科研究法、定量與定性分析法、文獻研究法等方法,還進行了相關訪談與觀察等。本研究系統梳理了我國1949年以來六十多年傳記出版的數量變化、發(fā)展階段等概況,分析了幾十年間媒介空間的流變、傳記出版的時代背景與影響因素以及相關政策規(guī)定等,以傳記這一類出版物作為一個側面,來展現當代中國出版發(fā)展的流變。同時,重點探討并展現了傳記出版與社會、時代之間密切的互動關系,即什么樣的時代就有什么樣的傳記,一個時期的傳記出版也能深刻地反映出時代氛圍與現象。通過研究可以看出,傳記出版體現出了社會與時代的變遷。在中華人民共和國建立之初的十七年時期,傳記題材與傳主是從普通工人、農民、士兵等群體中涌現的先進人物與英雄這樣“完全新型的人物”,突顯的是時代新人登上歷史舞臺,是政治形勢主導下的“紅色”出版、“紅色”閱讀潮流下的英雄敘事。十年特殊時期,前期的“去英雄化”,即所寫的人物為當代時下的普通群體中涌現出的體現努力工作、積極奉獻、不怕犧牲為價值導向的先進典型、積極分子,主要表現出人物的奉獻、犧牲等精神是在毛主席的思想精神影響教育下形成的,即表達一種忠心,其指向的是對領袖的個人崇拜；后期的“去當代化”,即歷史人物傳記唱主調,傳記作品主要寫的是秦始皇以及李斯、曹操、王安石等具有改革家、法家氣質的人物以及農民起義的首領等,雖話說歷史,但意指當下。新時期以來傳記出版開始復蘇與振興,不斷突破了政治人物題材的禁區(qū),將帥、文學藝術家、人文知識分子、科技工作者、改革風云人物、財經人物、明星主持人乃至普通人等各類人物你方歌罷我登場,多音齊奏、多元共生,反映出時代的開放與進步,社會從非正常到逐步走向正常,從封閉、保守、僵化到逐步走向開放、包容、自信與進步；社會由政治偶像、生產偶像向消費偶像轉變,表現出我國社會由政治主導、階級斗爭為主到以生產者為中心再轉向到以消費者為中心的社會變遷；明星圖書的消費,反映出社會全面邁入自我意識覺醒高漲、強調自我價值的時代,社會大眾逐漸擺脫了傳統的保守心理,人性得以解放與張揚；平民傳記及個人史的書寫,由名人而凡人、由精英而大眾,反映出“以人為本,關注心靈”逐漸成為社會的共識。這充分展現了各個階段傳記發(fā)展的特征以及傳記出版與時代、社會之間的密切互動關系。本研究拓展了出版學研究、傳記研究的空間領域,豐富了有關研究成果,并為以后的研究提供思路與借鑒。
[Abstract]:People are the main body of social life and biography is the history of human beings; biographies have also recorded the specific cultural phenomena of an age. Biographies are ancient and new. In the west, biographies truly become an independent literary genre in the first half of the twentieth Century. The tradition of history and biography, by the early twentieth Century, initiated a new biography of our country from the theory and creative practice, initiated by Liang Qichao and Hu Shi. With the development of the times, the biography has gradually stepped out of the separation from history and is truly independent of the forest of literature. This non fiction style has emerged since the second half of the twentieth Century, especially after 90s. Biography has become a self formed, special literature and even cultural and publishing phenomenon. Biography works from the author to the form of books and widely distributed in the audience. Publishing this link carries important functions and functions. It can be said that there is no biography leaving the version; and in contemporary publishing practice, it is passed on. Biography has become an important cluster and category in books and publications, showing a strong figure in the book market. The vigorous development of biography calls for the research of publishing theory. Biography is also due to the times and society. This study tries to solve this problem from the perspectives of publishing, publishing, and social relations. The main questions are: first, what is the state of biography and publishing in China since 1949; two, which factors have been influenced by biographical publishing; three, the relationship between biography and society, the relationship of the times, and so on. This study uses the relevant bibliographic data and draws on the double effect theory of publishing, the theory of book history, the theory of media space and the theory of social change. And so on, using the interdisciplinary research method, quantitative and qualitative analysis method, literature research method, and the related interviews and observation. This study systematically combed the changes of the number of biographies and publications in China since 1949, the development stage and so on, analyzed the changes of the media space in the past few decades, and the background of the biography and publication of the more than 60 years. The influence factors and relevant policies and regulations are taken as a profile to show the evolution of the development of contemporary Chinese publishing. At the same time, it focuses on the close interaction between biography and the society and the times, that is, what kind of biography is in the age, and the biography and publication of a period can be deep. It shows the atmosphere and phenomenon of the times. Through the study, it can be seen that biographical publishing embodies the changes of society and the times. In the seventeen years of the first seventeen years of the establishment of the biography, the biographies and themes were "completely new characters", such as the advanced characters and Heroes emerging from the ordinary workers, farmers, soldiers and other groups. It shows that the people of the times are on the historical stage, the "red" publication under the political situation and the heroic narrative under the "red" reading trend. In the special period of ten years, "to be heroic" in the early period, that is, the characters that have been written in the general group of contemporary times reflect hard work, active dedication, and no sacrifice for the value orientation. The advanced typical and active elements, mainly showing the dedication and sacrifice of the characters, are formed under the influence of Chairman Mao's ideological and spiritual education, that is, to express a kind of loyalty, which refers to the personal worship of the leader; the later "to modernized", that is, the historical characters' biography, and the biography is mainly written by Qin Shihuang and Li. There are reformers, Cao Cao, Wang Anshi and other characters of the reformer, the temperament of the Legalists and the leaders of the peasant uprising. Though history, it means that the biography and publication have begun to revive and revitalize since the new period, and constantly break through the forbidden areas of the subject matter of the political figures, the generals, the literary artists, the humanities intellectuals, the scientific and technological workers, the reform figures, the finance and economics. The characters, the star host and the ordinary people, all kinds of characters, I'm on the field, the multi tone ensemble, the multiple symbiosis, reflecting the opening and progress of the times, the society from the abnormal to the normal, from the closed, conservative, rigid to gradually open, inclusive, confident and progressive; the society is transformed from political icon, production idol to consumer idol. It shows that the society of our country is dominated by political leadership, class struggle mainly to producer centered and then to consumer centered social change. The consumption of star books reflects the rising of self consciousness awakening and the era of self worth, and the social masses gradually get rid of the traditional conservative mentality and the human nature is solved. The writing of biography and personal history of civilians, from the celebrities and the mortals, from the elite and the public, reflects the common understanding of "people oriented and the mind". This has fully demonstrated the characteristics of the development of biographies at various stages, and the close interaction between biography and the times and the society. This research expands the research of publishing research. The space field of biographical research enriches the research results and provides ideas and references for future research.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G239.2
，
本文編號：2165655
[Abstract]:People are the main body of social life and biography is the history of human beings; biographies have also recorded the specific cultural phenomena of an age. Biographies are ancient and new. In the west, biographies truly become an independent literary genre in the first half of the twentieth Century. The tradition of history and biography, by the early twentieth Century, initiated a new biography of our country from the theory and creative practice, initiated by Liang Qichao and Hu Shi. With the development of the times, the biography has gradually stepped out of the separation from history and is truly independent of the forest of literature. This non fiction style has emerged since the second half of the twentieth Century, especially after 90s. Biography has become a self formed, special literature and even cultural and publishing phenomenon. Biography works from the author to the form of books and widely distributed in the audience. Publishing this link carries important functions and functions. It can be said that there is no biography leaving the version; and in contemporary publishing practice, it is passed on. Biography has become an important cluster and category in books and publications, showing a strong figure in the book market. The vigorous development of biography calls for the research of publishing theory. Biography is also due to the times and society. This study tries to solve this problem from the perspectives of publishing, publishing, and social relations. The main questions are: first, what is the state of biography and publishing in China since 1949; two, which factors have been influenced by biographical publishing; three, the relationship between biography and society, the relationship of the times, and so on. This study uses the relevant bibliographic data and draws on the double effect theory of publishing, the theory of book history, the theory of media space and the theory of social change. And so on, using the interdisciplinary research method, quantitative and qualitative analysis method, literature research method, and the related interviews and observation. This study systematically combed the changes of the number of biographies and publications in China since 1949, the development stage and so on, analyzed the changes of the media space in the past few decades, and the background of the biography and publication of the more than 60 years. The influence factors and relevant policies and regulations are taken as a profile to show the evolution of the development of contemporary Chinese publishing. At the same time, it focuses on the close interaction between biography and the society and the times, that is, what kind of biography is in the age, and the biography and publication of a period can be deep. It shows the atmosphere and phenomenon of the times. Through the study, it can be seen that biographical publishing embodies the changes of society and the times. In the seventeen years of the first seventeen years of the establishment of the biography, the biographies and themes were "completely new characters", such as the advanced characters and Heroes emerging from the ordinary workers, farmers, soldiers and other groups. It shows that the people of the times are on the historical stage, the "red" publication under the political situation and the heroic narrative under the "red" reading trend. In the special period of ten years, "to be heroic" in the early period, that is, the characters that have been written in the general group of contemporary times reflect hard work, active dedication, and no sacrifice for the value orientation. The advanced typical and active elements, mainly showing the dedication and sacrifice of the characters, are formed under the influence of Chairman Mao's ideological and spiritual education, that is, to express a kind of loyalty, which refers to the personal worship of the leader; the later "to modernized", that is, the historical characters' biography, and the biography is mainly written by Qin Shihuang and Li. There are reformers, Cao Cao, Wang Anshi and other characters of the reformer, the temperament of the Legalists and the leaders of the peasant uprising. Though history, it means that the biography and publication have begun to revive and revitalize since the new period, and constantly break through the forbidden areas of the subject matter of the political figures, the generals, the literary artists, the humanities intellectuals, the scientific and technological workers, the reform figures, the finance and economics. The characters, the star host and the ordinary people, all kinds of characters, I'm on the field, the multi tone ensemble, the multiple symbiosis, reflecting the opening and progress of the times, the society from the abnormal to the normal, from the closed, conservative, rigid to gradually open, inclusive, confident and progressive; the society is transformed from political icon, production idol to consumer idol. It shows that the society of our country is dominated by political leadership, class struggle mainly to producer centered and then to consumer centered social change. The consumption of star books reflects the rising of self consciousness awakening and the era of self worth, and the social masses gradually get rid of the traditional conservative mentality and the human nature is solved. The writing of biography and personal history of civilians, from the celebrities and the mortals, from the elite and the public, reflects the common understanding of "people oriented and the mind". This has fully demonstrated the characteristics of the development of biographies at various stages, and the close interaction between biography and the times and the society. This research expands the research of publishing research. The space field of biographical research enriches the research results and provides ideas and references for future research.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G239.2
，
本文編號：2165655
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