【摘要】：孤兒作品是指因難以找到權(quán)利人,利用人無(wú)法取得授權(quán)的作品。立法界和理論界對(duì)孤兒作品范圍的爭(zhēng)議主要集中在孤兒作品是否包括作者身份不明的作品和未發(fā)表的作品上,通過(guò)對(duì)孤兒作品定義的分析認(rèn)為孤兒作品的范圍包括作者身份不明的作品和部分未發(fā)表的作品�，F(xiàn)存孤兒作品范圍的確定方式主要包括合理勤勉查找的方式和強(qiáng)制許可使用的方式,前者以成本較低、對(duì)完善的著作權(quán)管理制度的依賴(lài)性不強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)優(yōu)于后者,但存在所確定范圍不夠明確的缺點(diǎn),通過(guò)細(xì)化確定方式的步驟可以克服這一問(wèn)題。 現(xiàn)存的孤兒作品使用模式主要包括限制救濟(jì)模式與強(qiáng)制許可模式,兩種模式各有所長(zhǎng),通過(guò)把已發(fā)表孤兒作品的使用人分為非營(yíng)利使用人和營(yíng)利使用人可將兩種模式結(jié)合,即非營(yíng)利使用人對(duì)應(yīng)限制救濟(jì)的使用模式,營(yíng)利使用人對(duì)應(yīng)強(qiáng)制許可的使用模式,此外擬通過(guò)時(shí)效取得方案解決未發(fā)表孤兒作品的使用問(wèn)題。 限制救濟(jì)的使用模式與強(qiáng)制許可的使用模式分別對(duì)應(yīng)事后補(bǔ)償?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)模式和事先提存的保護(hù)模式。事后補(bǔ)償模式以其簡(jiǎn)便易行的特點(diǎn)更加適合非營(yíng)利使用人,事先提存模式以其易獲補(bǔ)償?shù)奶攸c(diǎn)更加適合營(yíng)利使用人。 著作權(quán)集體管理組織以其市場(chǎng)靈敏度強(qiáng)、效率高、成本低等特點(diǎn)使其相對(duì)于行政機(jī)構(gòu)更加適合管理孤兒作品。孤兒作品的價(jià)值評(píng)估與備案都是孤兒作品管理活動(dòng)中需要注意的方面。 我國(guó)著作權(quán)法在孤兒作品問(wèn)題上存在漏洞與缺失,著作權(quán)法草案有關(guān)孤兒作品的規(guī)定尚有較多疏漏。針對(duì)這些不足,本文提出確立孤兒作品的確定方式、設(shè)立使用人義務(wù)、設(shè)定保護(hù)模式以及選擇適當(dāng)管理方式的完善建議。
[Abstract]:Orphan works refer to works that cannot be authorized because of difficulty in finding the right holder. The controversy over the scope of orphan works in the legislative and theoretical circles is mainly focused on whether the orphan works include works of unknown authors and unpublished works. Through the analysis of the definition of orphan works, it is concluded that the scope of orphan works includes unidentified works and some unpublished works. The methods of determining the scope of the existing orphan works mainly include the way of reasonable and diligent search and the way of compulsory license. The former is superior to the latter because of its lower cost and less dependence on the perfect copyright management system. However, there is the shortcoming that the defined range is not clear enough, and this problem can be overcome by the step of detailed determination. The existing modes of use of orphan works mainly include the limited relief mode and the compulsory licensing mode. The two models have their own strengths. By dividing the users of published orphan works into non-profit users and profit-making users, the two models can be combined. In other words, the non-profit user corresponds to the use mode of limiting relief, the profit user corresponds to the use mode of compulsory license, in addition, the problem of using unpublished orphan works is solved through the prescription obtaining scheme. The use mode of restricted relief and the use mode of compulsory license correspond to the protection mode of ex post compensation and the protection mode of advance deposit respectively. The ex post compensation model is more suitable for the non-profit user because of its simple and convenient characteristics, and the advance deposit mode is more suitable for the profit user because of its easily compensated feature. Because of its strong market sensitivity, high efficiency and low cost, the copyright collective management organization is more suitable for the management of orphan works than the administrative organization. The value evaluation and filing of orphan works are important aspects in the management of orphan works. There are loopholes and defects in the problem of orphans' works in China's copyright law, and there are still many omissions in the provisions of the draft copyright Law on orphans' works. In view of these shortcomings, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to establish the way of determining the orphan's works, how to set up the duty of the user, how to set up the mode of protection and how to choose the proper management mode.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923.41

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