本文選題：農(nóng)政全書 + 編撰背景��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：明清時期我國傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)已發(fā)展至巔峰。農(nóng)業(yè)作為衣食之源,是國計民生的基礎(chǔ),支撐著帝國的延續(xù)。農(nóng)書編撰在明代呈現(xiàn)出鮮明的時代特征,不僅在數(shù)量上超越以前各個歷史時期,且內(nèi)容廣博,涉及到農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動的方方面面,對農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展起到了重要的推動作用。明代中期以后,“經(jīng)世致用”思潮風(fēng)行,明末出現(xiàn)“西學(xué)東漸”高潮;“農(nóng)本”思想得到進(jìn)一步強化;以科舉考試制度為特征的精英教育與民間大眾教育緊密結(jié)合,促進(jìn)了出版印刷業(yè)的繁榮;受儒家“經(jīng)世致用”的熏陶和封建王朝重農(nóng)思想的影響,士人群體成為明代農(nóng)書的創(chuàng)作主體……共同構(gòu)成了《農(nóng)政全書》多元雜糅的編撰背景�！掇r(nóng)政全書》的編輯特色是我國古代農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)成就的集中體現(xiàn)�！掇r(nóng)政全書》被后世稱之為“農(nóng)業(yè)百科全書”,編撰體系完善,從總論到分論,豐富的內(nèi)容體現(xiàn)出了徐光啟對傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)體系的高度概括。平衡篇幅,卷設(shè)專名,科學(xué)謀篇,合理布局,圖文并茂體現(xiàn)出了其編撰體系的先進(jìn)性。徐光啟“水利者,農(nóng)之本也”的水利建設(shè)思想,“種有次第,順天之時”的生態(tài)環(huán)境思想,“預(yù)弭為上,有備為中,賑濟(jì)為下”的“荒政”思想,“富國必以本業(yè)”的“農(nóng)本”思想為農(nóng)業(yè)實踐打下了堅實的理論基礎(chǔ)�！掇r(nóng)政全書》體現(xiàn)出徐光啟有效的實踐探索:從完善的水利流程和合理的用水管理兩方面提出系統(tǒng)的水利建設(shè)方案;從屯墾、救荒、藏富于民三方面論述具體的“荒政”舉措;明確了引進(jìn)和推廣先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的要求;描繪出了發(fā)展以生產(chǎn)要素循環(huán)再利用為核心的早期生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)雛形。徐光啟以雜采眾家,兼出獨見,精心梳理,合理歸類,歸納總結(jié),探索規(guī)律,實事求是,批判繼承為核心的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)求實的編輯方法,是我國農(nóng)業(yè)史上的瑰寶。在明清時期,《農(nóng)政全書》以抄本和刻印的形式流傳于世;官員任職地域回避制度有利于開明的官員將農(nóng)書帶到任職地域,為自上而下的諭令式傳播創(chuàng)造了條件;日常類書的輯入和口頭傳播、群體傳播成為《農(nóng)政全書》在國內(nèi)的主要傳播途徑。隨著西學(xué)東漸的繁榮和興盛,中外政治文化交流更加深入,《農(nóng)政全書》隨即被傳播到了日本、朝鮮和歐洲諸國,擴(kuò)大了中華農(nóng)業(yè)文明在世界范圍內(nèi)的影響。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, China's traditional agriculture reached its peak. Agriculture, as the source of food and clothing, is the foundation of the national economy and people's livelihood, supporting the continuation of the empire. The compilation of agricultural books in Ming Dynasty presented distinct characteristics of the times, not only exceeded the previous historical periods in quantity, but also contained a wide range of contents, which involved in all aspects of agricultural production activities, and played an important role in promoting the development of agriculture. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the trend of thought of "applying the world to the world" became popular, and at the end of the Ming Dynasty, there appeared a climax of "Western learning to the east"; the thought of "peasant based" was further strengthened; the elite education characterized by the imperial examination system was closely integrated with the education of the folk. It promoted the prosperity of the publishing and printing industry and was influenced by the Confucian influence of "applying the world to the world" and the feudal dynasty's thought of attaching importance to agriculture, and the scholar group became the main creative subject of the agricultural books in the Ming Dynasty. Together, the compilation background of "Agricultural political encyclopedia" is mixed. The editing feature of "Agricultural political encyclopedia" is the concentrated embodiment of our country's ancient agricultural scientific achievements. The "Agricultural Encyclopedia" is called "Agricultural Encyclopedia" by later generations, and the compilation system is perfect. From the general theory to the theory of division, the rich content reflects the Xu Guangqi's highly generalization of the traditional agricultural system. Balanced space, volume with proper name, scientific design, reasonable layout, pictures and texts reflect the advanced nature of its compilation system. Xu Guangqi's water conservancy construction thought of "water conservancy person, agriculture is the foundation", the ecological environment thought of "the kind has the second place, the time of the day", the "famine government" thought that "the advance is the first, the preparation is the middle, the relief is the next". The "agriculture-oriented" thought of "rich countries must take this industry" laid a solid theoretical foundation for agricultural practice. The "Agricultural Politics Book" embodies the effective practical exploration of Xu Guangqi: put forward from two aspects: perfect water conservancy process and reasonable water use management. The water conservancy construction plan of the system; This paper discusses the concrete measures of "famine policy" from three aspects of reclaiming, saving famine and storing wealth for the people, clarifies the requirements of introducing and popularizing advanced agricultural technology, and describes the embryonic form of early ecological agriculture with the core of recycling and reuse of production factors. Xu Guangqi is a treasure in the history of agriculture of our country, which is a rigorous and realistic editing method with the core of miscellaneous collection, unique opinions, meticulous combing, reasonable classification, summing up, exploring laws, seeking truth from facts and criticizing inheritance. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Agricultural political works was circulated in the world in the form of transcripts and engraving, and the system of avoidance of official posts was favorable for the enlightened officials to bring the agricultural books to the regions where they held office, thus creating conditions for the top-down oracles to be disseminated. The collection and oral dissemination of daily books, mass communication has become the main way of dissemination of the Agricultural political encyclopedia in China. With the prosperity and prosperity of western learning, the political and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries deepened, and the Agricultural Politics Book was spread to Japan, North Korea and European countries, expanding the influence of Chinese agricultural civilization in the world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G239.29

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