本文關(guān)鍵詞： 文物仿制品 文物復(fù)制品 贗品 可版權(quán)性 文物仿制品保護(hù)　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文從著作權(quán)法的角度對(duì)文物仿制品的相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了探討,文物仿制品從實(shí)用性到觀賞性類型多樣,內(nèi)容豐富。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)無(wú)論是學(xué)術(shù)界還是實(shí)踐界對(duì)文物仿制品、復(fù)制品、贗品三者之間的關(guān)系可以用一句俗語(yǔ)"剪不斷理還亂"來(lái)形容。然而只有理清三者之間的關(guān)系才能更加精準(zhǔn)地概括文物仿制品的范圍,才能進(jìn)一步研究文物仿制品。文物仿制品是一個(gè)仿制而來(lái)的物品,對(duì)于文物仿制品是否有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性,是否構(gòu)成作品還需要從作品構(gòu)成條件的角度進(jìn)行分析。筆者認(rèn)為對(duì)于不同于復(fù)制品的文物仿制品作為一個(gè)大類可能有不符合獨(dú)創(chuàng)性要求而不能成為作品的,但是仍然存在能夠滿足獨(dú)創(chuàng)性要求成為作品的文物仿制品,但是以目前筆者的研究能力尚不能對(duì)全部能夠構(gòu)成作品的文物仿制品進(jìn)行概括式列舉。假如反向推理我們可以得出:只要有一個(gè)文物仿制品能夠成為作品就足夠說(shuō)明文物仿制品的可版權(quán)性。對(duì)文物仿制品可成為的作品類型(美術(shù)作品或者實(shí)用藝術(shù)品)文中也進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單分析,最后對(duì)文物仿制品的保護(hù)還有被侵權(quán)認(rèn)定的特殊性進(jìn)行了分析。第一部分是對(duì)文物仿制品的概述,從引言中以常書鴻先生的臨摹畫作為切入點(diǎn)引入問(wèn)題,然后首先是對(duì)"文物"一詞的考證,對(duì)文物的考證也是為了精確認(rèn)識(shí)文物仿制品。筆者根據(jù)《文物復(fù)制拓印管理辦法》中對(duì)"文物復(fù)制"的概念,再結(jié)合"復(fù)制"和"仿制"二詞,給出了"文物仿制"的一個(gè)定義。最后筆者在概述里對(duì)文物仿制品的非法律價(jià)值進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單綜述,主要表達(dá)文物仿制品的可研究?jī)r(jià)值。第二部分是對(duì)文物仿制品的國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)比研究,這一部分存在的最大的缺陷就是無(wú)論是外文還是中文的資料都很少,筆者在研究國(guó)外文物仿制問(wèn)題時(shí),僅是用一則新聞,引述了埃及政府對(duì)文物復(fù)制要收版權(quán)費(fèi)的問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而筆者對(duì)比論述了文物仿制品是否要繳納版權(quán)費(fèi)的問(wèn)題,另外在國(guó)外問(wèn)題研究中對(duì)"復(fù)制"和"仿制"這一國(guó)際性區(qū)分難題進(jìn)行了分析,為了進(jìn)一步研究,筆者還給出了自己的一個(gè)判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn);在國(guó)內(nèi)問(wèn)題研究中筆者對(duì)研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,其實(shí)可以用"空白"這樣的字眼來(lái)進(jìn)行描述,只有一少部分學(xué)者探討過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。但是對(duì)臨摹作品已經(jīng)有較多的學(xué)者研究過(guò),而且形成了三種不同的觀點(diǎn),而臨摹作品不是復(fù)制品就是仿制品這是一個(gè)焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,筆者也給出了自己的思考和假設(shè)。最后在國(guó)內(nèi)問(wèn)題研究中筆者還對(duì)文物仿制品和贗品的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了深入探討,力圖將文物仿制品和贗品區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái),這一研究具有基礎(chǔ)研究意義,筆者對(duì)贗品進(jìn)行了創(chuàng)造性的構(gòu)設(shè),試探著破解贗品的本質(zhì)和文物復(fù)制品和仿制品之間的關(guān)系。第三部分是對(duì)文物仿制品可版權(quán)性問(wèn)題的分析,具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性是構(gòu)成作品的主要依據(jù),而獨(dú)創(chuàng)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的判斷依據(jù),因此筆者從獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題開(kāi)始探討并根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)復(fù)制品和仿制品進(jìn)行了分析,并且以蛋殼陶杯為例展示了文物仿制品的可版權(quán)性。另外,筆者也對(duì)文物仿制品表達(dá)的非唯一性進(jìn)行了輔助性研究,目的是更好地說(shuō)明文物仿制品的可版權(quán)性。筆者還對(duì)文物仿制品的作品類型進(jìn)行了探討,并以《著作權(quán)法》第三次修改為切口,引入實(shí)用藝術(shù)品,分析了文物仿制品可成為的作品類型--美術(shù)作品、實(shí)用藝術(shù)品。第四部分是對(duì)文物仿制品保護(hù)問(wèn)題的探討,首先對(duì)文物仿制品的保護(hù)方式進(jìn)行了探討,主要從版權(quán)法的角度和其他法律角度兩個(gè)角度。從版權(quán)法的角度來(lái)講,文物仿制品成為美術(shù)作品的保護(hù)模式,在我國(guó)的《著作權(quán)法》里已經(jīng)有了明文規(guī)定,但是對(duì)實(shí)用藝術(shù)品的保護(hù)模式?jīng)]有規(guī)定,筆者對(duì)此進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單分析。另外,筆者從其他法律角度,對(duì)文物仿制品的保護(hù)提出了建設(shè)性意見(jiàn)。其次,筆者對(duì)文物仿制品被侵權(quán)認(rèn)定的特殊性進(jìn)行了分析,并且根據(jù)特殊問(wèn)題特殊對(duì)待的原則,給出了建議。最后,對(duì)兩個(gè)相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了闡述。文物仿制品類別廣,和復(fù)制品的區(qū)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模糊都是本文研究的難點(diǎn),另外,研究這一問(wèn)題的學(xué)者尚屬極少數(shù),資料缺乏,有些問(wèn)題都是筆者創(chuàng)設(shè)性地思考結(jié)果,難免有主觀臆斷之嫌,這些都促成了本文的不完美性。鑒于筆者研究能力有限,對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的研究并沒(méi)有達(dá)到深入的層次,只是一些探究式研究和思考,還請(qǐng)各位老師批評(píng)指正。
[Abstract]:This paper discussed from the angle of copyright law issues related to the historic artifacts, historic artifacts from the practical to ornamental types, rich in content. For a long time both academic and practice circles reproductions of cultural relics, imitation, the relationship between the three fakes can be a saying "shear continuously chaotic" to describe the relationship between. However can only sort out three more accurately summarized range of historic artifacts, in order to further the study of cultural relics. Relics imitation imitation is an imitation of goods and cultural relics for imitation is originality, whether a work still needs a condition from the works the angle is analyzed. The author thinks that the cultural relics are different from imitation replica as a large class might have not meet the requirements of originality and not a work, but there are still able to meet the originality For cultural relics imitation works, but the cultural relics imitation research at present is not the ability of all can constitute a work summary list. If we reverse inference can be drawn: as long as there is a cultural relic imitation can become the work is enough to explain the historic artifacts of copyright of historic artifacts can be. A type of work (art or applied art) this paper also analyzed the particularity of the protection of cultural relics, the imitation and infringement are analyzed. The first part is an overview of historic artifacts, from the introduction to sketches of Mr. Chang Shuhong as the cut in point, then first is the "cultural relics" in the Research of cultural relics research is to accurately understanding cultural relics imitation. According to the author of "cultural reproduction in < rubbing the measures on the administration of cultural reproduction" The concept, combined with the "copy" and "generic" two words, "gives a definition of imitation artifacts". Finally the author outlines the legal value of cultural relics in non imitation are reviewed, the main expression of the value of historic artifacts. The second part is the domestic and foreign comparative study of cultural relics imitation products, this part of the biggest flaw is whether foreign or Chinese data are few, the author in the study of foreign imitation artifacts problems, only in a News quoted the Egyptian government on cultural relics copy to copyright, the author discusses the comparative cultural relics imitation whether to pay copyright fees, also in foreign issues in the study of "copy" and "imitation" of the international division of the problems are analyzed, in order to further study, the author also gives a criterion of their domestic research; The author analyzes the research status, we can use the word of "blank" to describe, only a few scholars have discussed the problem. But there are lots of scholars to study on copying works, and formed three different opinions, and copying works is not a copy of this imitation is a focus of the problem, the author also gives the thinking and assumptions of their own. Finally discussed in domestic research the author also on the relationship between cultural relics imitation and counterfeit, fake and imitation artifacts to be distinguished, with basic research significance of this study, the author conducted the construction of creative imitation probing the essence and cultural relationship between crack fake copy products and fake products. The third part is the analysis of historic artifacts of copyright issues, originality is the main constitute the basis for the work, While the standard of originality is the original judgement on the basis of the author, from the standard of originality begin to explore and analyze according to the standard copy and imitation, and the eggshell pottery cup as example to demonstrate the historic artifacts of copyright. In addition, the author also expressed on the non uniqueness of the imitation of cultural relics the study on the auxiliary, the goal is to better show imitation products can be copyrighted. The author also works on historic artifacts were discussed, and the "Copyright Law > Third Revision of incision, introducing practical works of art, analyzes the historic artifacts can become the types of work - works of art, applied art. The fourth part is to discuss the problems of cultural relics protection of imitation, imitation first of cultural relics protection methods were discussed, mainly from the two aspects of copyright law and other laws. From the point of view of copyright law angle Speaking of cultural relics, imitation becomes the protection mode of art works, in China's "copyright law" has been expressly provided, but the mode of protection of practical artwork does not require, the author has carried on the simple analysis. In addition, the other from the angle of law, protection of cultural relics imitation and puts forward constructive opinions. Secondly, the author of the special historic artifacts by the infringement are analyzed, and according to the special problems of special treatment principles, some suggestions are given. Finally, on two related problems are discussed. Historic artifacts category wide, and a copy of the distinction between standard fuzzy is difficult, this paper also a study on this issue, scholars is still very small, the lack of information, some of the problems are the result of the creation of thinking, is too subjective, these have contributed to the imperfections of the research. The research ability is limited, and the research on these problems has not reached a deep level. It is only a few inquiring research and thinking, and we also ask teachers to criticize them.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.41

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