本文關(guān)鍵詞： 美國(guó)新聞 語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè) 功能　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今社會(huì)是一個(gè)信息日益更新的年代,新聞成為了國(guó)家發(fā)展、社會(huì)進(jìn)步和個(gè)人生活不可或缺的一部分。新聞報(bào)道注重重要性、及時(shí)性、獨(dú)特性和趣味性,它必須寫得清晰而簡(jiǎn)潔。新聞?wù)Z言其自身的特殊規(guī)律和要求,越來(lái)越多的專家學(xué)者從不同角度對(duì)新聞?wù)Z言進(jìn)行深入探討,目前主要從兩方面研究新聞：一方面從語(yǔ)體學(xué)角度,旨在研究如何將語(yǔ)言學(xué)的理論運(yùn)用于新聞寫作實(shí)踐中,又在實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出新聞?wù)Z言的規(guī)律,以提高新聞的語(yǔ)言水準(zhǔn)。另一面從批判語(yǔ)言學(xué)的視角,認(rèn)為任何新聞報(bào)道都不能反映所有人觀點(diǎn)或者代表所有人的利益,不可能做到絕對(duì)的客觀公正。 預(yù)設(shè)理論是由德國(guó)哲學(xué)家弗雷格1892年提出的,原本屬于哲學(xué)范疇,隨后被引入語(yǔ)言學(xué)范疇。隨著理論研究的不斷深入,其理論的應(yīng)用研究激發(fā)起了學(xué)者們的興趣。所謂語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè)的應(yīng)用研究,就是研究該理論在應(yīng)用方面所發(fā)揮的作用,探討其所產(chǎn)生的指導(dǎo)意義,并深層次挖掘其發(fā)展空間,也就是將預(yù)設(shè)理論應(yīng)用到人們的日常生活中去,如廣告、教學(xué)、翻譯、小說(shuō)、競(jìng)選等。 美國(guó)是世界上著名的“傳媒力量”的國(guó)家,以強(qiáng)大的、無(wú)孔不入的傳媒力量影響全世界。本文所選的六十篇語(yǔ)料均來(lái)自美國(guó)主流媒體《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的新聞報(bào)道。基于預(yù)設(shè)的基本理論,本文嘗試從語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè)的角度,采用定性和定量相結(jié)合的方法分析在新聞?wù)Z篇的標(biāo)題和導(dǎo)語(yǔ)中預(yù)設(shè)的具體應(yīng)用形式以及不同的作用。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn),語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè)在新聞標(biāo)題和導(dǎo)語(yǔ)中被大量使用,其中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的預(yù)設(shè)手段是有定描述、時(shí)間分句、反復(fù)意義表達(dá)詞、比較與對(duì)照。就功能方面而言：在新聞標(biāo)題中,主題的作用及受眾接受信息的特點(diǎn)決定了預(yù)設(shè)的適用性。預(yù)設(shè)的運(yùn)用使標(biāo)題更簡(jiǎn)練,擴(kuò)大其信息量,同時(shí)增強(qiáng)新聞的吸引力。新聞?wù)Z言的語(yǔ)境,報(bào)道者的立場(chǎng)、交際意圖的影響和制約新聞?wù)Z篇的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)和過(guò)程。新聞?wù)Z言不僅能傳遞信息,更能反映社會(huì)意識(shí)形態(tài),對(duì)讀者意識(shí)形態(tài)的形成和轉(zhuǎn)變具有干預(yù)作用。語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè)的前提實(shí)際上是一種語(yǔ)用推論,不一定是真實(shí)的,但對(duì)語(yǔ)境有天然的敏感性。因此,在導(dǎo)語(yǔ)中,語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè)的運(yùn)用不僅起到了保持文字經(jīng)濟(jì)性、減輕讀者閱讀負(fù)擔(dān)、突顯重要信息從而進(jìn)一步激發(fā)了讀者閱讀興趣、增加新聞客觀性的作用,而且為實(shí)現(xiàn)新聞?wù)Z篇的語(yǔ)用效果,語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè)直接或間接地表達(dá)了報(bào)道者的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng),并使得主觀觀點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)為既定事實(shí),文章顯得更加真實(shí)可信。從而影響讀者對(duì)真實(shí)新聞事件的看法。 研究結(jié)果幫助讀者一方面認(rèn)識(shí)到了語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè)在新聞標(biāo)題和導(dǎo)語(yǔ)中具體的運(yùn)用形式,另一方面增強(qiáng)跨文化交際能力,提高洞察力,更好地理解美國(guó)新聞?wù)Z言背后的意識(shí)形態(tài)意義,增強(qiáng)對(duì)大眾語(yǔ)篇的反控制能力。
[Abstract]:Today's society is an era of increasingly updated information, news has become an indispensable part of national development, social progress and personal life. News reports focus on importance, timeliness, uniqueness and interest. It must be written clearly and succinctly. The special rules and requirements of news language itself, more and more experts and scholars from different angles to explore the news language. At present, news is mainly studied from two aspects: on the one hand, from the perspective of stylistics, the purpose is to study how to apply the linguistic theory to the practice of news writing, and to sum up the rules of news language in practice. On the other hand, from the perspective of critical linguistics, any news report can not reflect the views of all or represent the interests of all, and it is impossible to be absolutely objective and impartial. The theory of presupposition was put forward by German philosopher Frege in 1892. It belongs to the category of philosophy and then is introduced into the category of linguistics. The applied research of pragmatic presupposition is to study the role of the theory in the application and discuss its guiding significance. And dig its development space deeply, that is, apply presupposition theory to people's daily life, such as advertisement, teaching, translation, novel, election, etc. The United States is a world famous "media power" country, with a strong. The all-pervasive media power influences the world. The 60 corpus selected in this paper are from the news reports of the main American media, the New York Times. Based on the basic theory of presupposition, this paper attempts to use pragmatic presupposition. This paper uses qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the specific application forms and different functions of presupposition in headlines and introductions of news discourses. It is found that pragmatic presupposition is widely used in news headlines and introductions, among which the frequent presupposition means are definite description, temporal clauses and repeated meaning expressions. Comparison and contrast. In terms of function: in news headlines, the role of the subject and the characteristics of the audience receiving information determine the applicability of presupposition. The use of presupposition makes the title more concise and expands the amount of information. At the same time, it enhances the appeal of news. The context of news language, the position of the reporter, and the communicative intention influence and restrict the language structure and process of news discourse. News language can not only transmit information. It can reflect social ideology and interfere with the formation and transformation of readers' ideology. The premise of pragmatic presupposition is actually a pragmatic inference which is not necessarily true. Therefore, the use of pragmatic presupposition not only helps to maintain the economy of words, lighten the burden of reading, but also highlights important information, thus further arousing readers' interest in reading. In order to achieve the pragmatic effect of news discourse, pragmatic presupposition directly or indirectly expresses the reporter's viewpoint and position, and makes the subjective point of view become the established fact. The article appears to be more authentic, thus affecting the reader's view of real news events. The results of the study help readers to recognize the specific forms of pragmatic presupposition in news headlines and introductions on the one hand and enhance intercultural communicative competence and insight on the other. To better understand the ideological meaning behind the American news language and to enhance its ability of anti-control over popular discourse.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G213;H313

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 周芹芹;漢語(yǔ)恭維回應(yīng)語(yǔ)的社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)變異研究[D];上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué);2010年

2 胡潔;建構(gòu)視角下的外宣翻譯研究[D];上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué);2010年

3 曹磊;翻譯的修辭符號(hào)視角研究[D];上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué);2010年

4 唐斌;《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》中(1987-2007)農(nóng)民工的話語(yǔ)再現(xiàn)[D];上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué);2010年

5 張U，

本文編號(hào)：1446863