本研究主要研究堆肥過程對土霉素降解及砷和銅生物有效性的影響。采用含有土霉素和銅砷的牛糞和豬糞進行堆肥試驗。測定了其理化性質(zhì)、土霉素濃度和發(fā)芽指數(shù)的變化。采用連續(xù)化學(xué)萃取法測定銅和砷含量。該實驗還評估了堆肥過程中的微生物群落動態(tài)變化（35天）。采用冗余分析方法評價環(huán)境因子與微生物群落組成之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,堆肥過程中的高溫階段產(chǎn)生代謝熱。我們觀察到,在前兩周內(nèi),氣溫迅速上升,并超過了50℃。在Cow-OTC+As&Cu和Pig-OTC+As&Cu處理組中發(fā)現(xiàn)低溫值。堆肥過程中,Cu和As總濃度升高,而Cu提取物的生物有效性下降明顯大于As提取物。堆肥過程中銅生物有效性降低。豬糞中As低生物有效性的百分比小于牛糞,且隨時間增加。豬糞中抗生素的第一天降解率低于牛糞。牛糞處理的GI值隨時間逐漸增加,在堆肥過程結(jié)束時達到95%以上,而豬糞處理的GI值大于65%。線性回歸結(jié)果表明,堆肥性質(zhì)對發(fā)芽率的影響在牛糞和豬糞處理中最為顯著。在堆肥過程中,細菌群落變化顯著。優(yōu)勢菌門包括放線菌門、擬桿菌門、厚壁菌門和變形菌門。牛糞中最常見的微生物是厚壁菌門,其次是放線菌,豬糞中最常見的微生物是... 

【文章來源】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京市

【文章頁數(shù)】：80 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
List of abbreviation
Chapter1:Introduction
    1.1 Heavy metal(loid)s
        1.1.1 Introduction
        1.1.2 Sources of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil environment
            1.1.2.1 Natural sources of heavy metal(loid)s
            1.1.2.2 Industrial sources of heavy metal(loid)s
            1.1.2.3 Agricultural sources of heavy metal(loid)s
            1.1.2.4 Sewage irrigation
            1.1.2.5 Fertilizers
            1.1.2.6 Pesticides
            1.1.2.7 Heavy metal(loid)s concentration in the animal feed
            1.1.2.8 Heavy metal(loid)s concentration in animal manures
        1.1.3 Heavy metal(loid)s effects
            1.1.3.1 Effects on soil
            1.1.3.2 Effects on soil microbial community
            1.1.3.3 Effects on soil enzymatic activities
            1.1.3.4 Effects on plants
    1.2 Veterinary antibiotics
        1.2.1 Oxytetracycline(OTC)historic use
        1.2.2 Properties of the oxytetracycline substance
        1.2.3 Specific uses of the oxytetracycline substance
        1.2.4 Veterinary antibiotics(VA)in the environment
            1.2.4.1 Veterinary antibiotic in manure
            1.2.4.2 Veterinary antibiotics(VAs)in soil
        1.2.5 Veterinary antibiotic sorption to soil
            1.2.5.1 The solid-to-solution partition coefficient
            1.2.5.2 Soil properties
            1.2.5.3 Soil pH
            1.2.5.4 Multivalent cations
        1.2.6 Environmental effect of veterinary antibiotics
            1.2.6.1 Effect on the food chain
            1.2.6.2 Effects on water quality
            1.2.6.3 Effects on soil microbial communities
        1.2.7 Degradation methods and pathways of oxytetracycline
        1.2.8 Degradation factors of oxytetracycline in composting
            1.2.8.1 p H value and electrical conductivity in composting
            1.2.8.2 Temperature changes during the composting
            1.2.8.3 OTC changes over time in composting
    1.3 The main problems of this research
    1.4 Objectives of research
Chapter2 :Changes in Arsenic and Copper bioavailability and Oxytetracycline degradation during the composting process_________________________________
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and methods
        2.2.1 Composting process and sampling
        2.2.2 Physiochemical analyses
        2.2.3 The heavy metal(loid)s extraction
        2.2.4 OTC extraction and HPLC analysis
        2.2.5 Germination index
        2.2.6 Statistical analysis
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Temperature
        2.3.2 Physiochemical properties
        2.3.3 The germination index(GI%)
        2.3.4 Changes in the As and Cu fractions
        2.3.5 Bioavailability of As and Cu
        2.3.6 OTC degradation during composting
        2.3.7 Linear regression analysis for the germination index
    2.4 Discussion
    2.5 Conclusion
Chapter3 :Microbial community dynamic during composting of animal manures contaminated with arsenic,copper,and oxytetracycline
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and methods
        3.2.1 DNA extraction and bioinformatic static analysis
        3.2.2 Bioinformatic static analysis
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Principal components analysis
        3.3.2 Species abundance analysis
        3.3.3 Alpha diversity indices
        3.3.4 Chao1 index
        3.3.5 Shannon index
        3.3.6 Simpson index
        3.3.7 Redundancy analysis
    3.4 Discussion
        3.4.1 Microbial diversity
        3.4.2 Microbial composition distribution
        3.4.3 Redundancy analysis
    3.5 Conclusion
Chapter4 :Conclusion
    Conclusion
    Innovation points
    Recommendations
    Further studies are requested to
    Publication
References
Acknowledgement
Resume


【參考文獻】：
期刊論文
[1]Changes in heavy metal contents in animal feeds and manures in an intensive animal production region of China[J]. Hui Wang,Yuanhua Dong,Yunya Yang,Gurpal S.Toor,Xumei Zhang.  Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2013(12)
[2]Inuence of oxytetracycline on the structure and activity of microbial community in wheat rhizosphere soil[J]. YANG Qingxiang, ZHANG Jing, ZHU Kongfang, ZHANG Hao College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China..  Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2009(07)
[3]Changes of Cu, Zn, and Ni chemical speciation in sewage sludge co-composted with sodium sulfide and lime[J]. WANG Xuejiang CHEN Ling XIA Siqing ZHAO Jianfu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China..  Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2008(02)
[4]Contribution of additives Cu to its accumulation in pig feces: study in Beijing and Fuxin of China[J]. LI Yan-xia, LI Wei, WU Juan, XU Li-chao, SU Qiu-hong, XIONG Xiong Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.  Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2007(05)
[5]Heavy metals pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province, China[J]. CANG Long, WANG Yu jun, ZHOU Dong mei *, DONG Yuan hua (State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. ).  Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2004(03)



本文編號：3639220