氮氧化物（NOx）引起了巨大的環(huán)境問題,是目前世界上最大的環(huán)境污染物之一,隨著對NOx法規(guī)的逐步收緊,世界各國都在積極開展減少NOx污染的研究。目前已開發(fā)利用了多種技術(shù),其中選擇性催化還原（SCR）和選擇性非催化還原（SNCR）具有較高的脫硝效率。在SCR和SNCR工藝中,還原劑被注入煙氣中,將NOx還原為無害氮（N2）。目前最常用的還原劑是氨（NH3）。尿素催化水解制氨在氨基脫氮過程中起著重要作用。本論文的目標(biāo)有三個。首先,對尿素水解的催化劑進(jìn)行篩選,其中均相催化劑表現(xiàn)出了良好的性能,因此本文用選擇該類催化劑來進(jìn)行尿素催化水解反應(yīng),然后尿素水解的轉(zhuǎn)化率采用滴定法來進(jìn)行分析。第二是設(shè)計了四因素,三水平Box-Behnken實驗,結(jié)合響應(yīng)面法對工藝條件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,研究反應(yīng)溫度,反應(yīng)時間,反應(yīng)壓力和催化劑用量對尿素水解制氨的影響及其交互作用。建立了尿素水解率的相關(guān)模型。第三是采用物料平衡方程,熱量平衡方程,化學(xué)平衡方程及相平衡方程組成的非線性方程組來構(gòu)建開口體系內(nèi)尿素水解過程的熱力學(xué)模型和動力學(xué)模型,并引入修正的Lewis-Randall方程和修正的Herry方程來描述水解反應(yīng)器內(nèi)NH3-C... 

【文章頁數(shù)】：93 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
abstract
摘要
CHAPTER Ⅰ INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Background
    1.2 Objective of the research
    1.3 Research significance
CHAPTER Ⅱ LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 Overview
    2.2 Research progress of catalytic hydrolysis of urea
    2.3 Principle of urea hydrolysis
    2.4 Introduction of solid catalyst
        2.4.1 Brief introduction of the solid acid catalyst
        2.4.2 Brief introduction of solid base catalyst
    2.5 Alumina and its precursor
        2.5.1 Alumina
        2.5.2 Precursor of alumina
    2.6 Hydrotalcite
        2.6.1 Properties of LDHs
        2.6.2 Synthesis of LDHs
    2.7 The method for production of ammonia from urea
        2.7.1 Urea pyrolysis
        2.7.2 Urea hydrolysis
    2.8 Comparison of ammonia production technology between urea hydrolysis andurea pyrolysis
    2.9 Overseas urea hydrolysis technology
        2.9.1 AOD process
        2.9.2 Urea to Ammonia (A2U) technology
        2.9.3 SafeDeNOx process
    2.10. The domestic urea hydrolysis process
    2.11 Development of urea hydrolysis process
    2.12 Research status of thermodynamic model and kinetic model of urea hydrolysis
CHAPTER Ⅲ EXPERIMENTAL SECTION,ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
    3.1 Reagents used in the experiment
    3.2 Experimental equipments
    3.3 Experimental set-up and process
        3.3.1 Experimental set-up
        3.3.2 Selection of catalysts and experimental process
        3.3.3 Experimental contents
    3.4 Experimental analysis of urea hydrolysis
        3.4.1 Qualitative analysis of urea hydrolysis
        3.4.2 Determination of biuret
        3.4.3 Analysis of the side reaction of urea hydrolysis
    3.5 Factors affecting the decomposition and conversion rates
        3.5.1 Effect of temperature on urea hydrolysis
        3.5.2 Effect of pressure on hydrolysis rate
        3.5.3 Effect of concentration on urea hydrolysis
        3.5.4 Effect of time on urea hydrolysis
        3.5.5 Effect of catalyst dosage on urea hydrolysis
    3.6 Optimization of reaction conditions
        3.6.1 Experimental design of response surface method
        3.6.3 Establishment of the model equation and variance test
        3.6.4 Response surface analysis
        3.6.5 Determination of the optimal condition
CHAPTER Ⅳ REACTION MODEL OF UREA HYDROLYSIS
    4.1 Reaction model of urea hydrolysis
        4.1.1 Thermodynamic Model
        4.1.2 Kinetics model
CHAPTER Ⅴ CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Acknowledgement


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