由于過度捕撈、人為活動導(dǎo)致的全球氣候變化等原因，自然界的水生生物資源急劇減少；另一方面，水產(chǎn)蛋白的需求不斷增加。資源缺乏和全球人口的增長是糧食安全面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。因此節(jié)約資源和提高產(chǎn)量成為科研人員的重要研究課題。水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖是一種發(fā)展中的技術(shù)，為了滿足市場的需求，每年水產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量達(dá)數(shù)百萬噸。目前水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖行業(yè)面臨著許多問題，如生長速度慢、飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率低和病害嚴(yán)重等，影響了水生生物產(chǎn)量。近幾十年來通過常規(guī)育種的方法來提高產(chǎn)量，對重要性狀有一定的改善。但是傳統(tǒng)方法的缺點(diǎn)是費(fèi)時、費(fèi)力，影響了育種的效率。隨著DNA測序技術(shù)的發(fā)展，在較短時間內(nèi)獲得分子標(biāo)記并用于經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀的改善成為可能，即分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇育種（MAS）。MAS需要預(yù)知性狀相關(guān)的基因或調(diào)控該基因的位點(diǎn)和DNA序列。該技術(shù)已被應(yīng)用于許多品種的養(yǎng)殖業(yè)，已在鮭魚和羅非魚的育種中有了顯著的進(jìn)展。鯉魚(Cyprinus carpio L.)是一種重要的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖物種,有超過四千年的養(yǎng)殖歷史。 DNA測序的進(jìn)步和分子標(biāo)記的發(fā)掘促進(jìn)了鯉魚遺傳資源的快速發(fā)展，特別是遺傳連鎖圖譜的構(gòu)建。遺傳連鎖圖作為基本的工具，主要是為了解控制重要性狀的基因或位點(diǎn)，與經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀相...

【文章頁數(shù)】：154 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
EPIGRAPH
ABSTRACT
摘要
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Introduction
    1.2 Reference
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 Back ground
    2.2 Discovery of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
    2.3 Development of molecular markers
        2.3.1 Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
        2.3.2 Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
        2.3.3 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
        2.3.4 Simple sequence repeat (SSR)
        2.3.5 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
    2.4 Genetic Linkage Mapping
        2.4.1 Resources for construction genetic maps
    2.5 Linkage mapping in aquaculture
    2.6 Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL)
        2.6.1 Qualitative traits
            a) Color
            b) LDH and SOD
            c) Sex
            d) Diseases resistance
            e) Stress response
            f) Temperature tolerance
        2.6.2 Quantitative traits
            a) Meristic
            b) Body length
            c) Body size
            d) Body weight
            e) Embryonic development
            f) Fat percentage and distribution
            g) Feed conversion ratio (FCR)
            h) Fecundity
            i) Growth rate
            j) Hatch time
            k) Spawning time
    2.7 Fish Genetics
    2.8 Marker-assisted selection breeding
    2.9 Common carp
    2.10 Summary
    2.11 References
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
    3.1 Source of Population
    3.2 Trait measurement
        3.2.1 Population 1
        3.2.2 Population 2
        3.2.3 Population 3
    3.3 DNA sampling and isolation
    3.4 Development of molecular markers
        3.4.1 Microsatellite markers
        3.4.2 Single nucleotide polymorphism
    3.5 Genotyping
    3.6 Construction of genetic linkage map
    3.7 Mapping Quantitative trait loci (QTL)
    3.8 Statistical analysis
    3.9 References
CHAPTER 4 MAPPING QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTL) FOR BODY WEIGHT, LENGTH AND CONDITION FACTOR TRAITS IN BACKCROSS (BC1) FAMILY OF COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Materials and methods
        4.2.1 Source of population and traits
        4.2.2 DNA extraction
        4.2.3 Microsatellite and SNP genotyping
        4.2.4 Construction of genetic map
        4.2.5 QTL analysis in Population
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Traits measurement
        4.3.2 Linkage map
        4.3.3 QTL mapping
        4.3.4 Statistical analysis
    4.4 Discussion
    4.5 Summary
    4.6 References
CHAPTER 5 QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTL) ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH-RATE TRAIT IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Material and methods
        5.2.1 Source of population and traits
        5.2.2 DNA extraction
        5.2.3 Microsatellite and SNP genotyping
        5.2.4 Construction of genetic map
        5.2.5 QTL analysis in population
    5.3 Results
        5.3.1 Trait measurement
        5.3.2 Linkage map
        5.3.3 QTL mapping
    5.4 Discussion
    5.5 Summery
    5.6 Reference
CHAPTER 6 MAPPING QTLs FOR SWIMMING ABILITY RELATED TRAITS IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Material and method
        6.2.1 Source of population and traits
        6.2.2 DNA extraction
        6.2.3 Microsatellite and SNP genotyping
        6.2.4 Construction of genetic map
        6.2.5 QTL analysis in population
    6.3 Results
        6.3.1 Trait measurement
        6.3.2 Linkage map
        6.3.3 QTL mapping
        6.3.4 Statistical analysis
    6.4 Discussion
    6.5 Summery
    6.6 Reference
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS



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