發(fā)布時間：2024-01-05 17:44

　　由于過度捕撈、人為活動導致的全球氣候變化等原因，自然界的水生生物資源急劇減少；另一方面，水產蛋白的需求不斷增加。資源缺乏和全球人口的增長是糧食安全面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。因此節(jié)約資源和提高產量成為科研人員的重要研究課題。水產養(yǎng)殖是一種發(fā)展中的技術，為了滿足市場的需求，每年水產品產量達數百萬噸。目前水產養(yǎng)殖行業(yè)面臨著許多問題，如生長速度慢、飼料轉化率低和病害嚴重等，影響了水生生物產量。近幾十年來通過常規(guī)育種的方法來提高產量，對重要性狀有一定的改善。但是傳統(tǒng)方法的缺點是費時、費力，影響了育種的效率。隨著DNA測序技術的發(fā)展，在較短時間內獲得分子標記并用于經濟性狀的改善成為可能，即分子標記輔助選擇育種（MAS）。MAS需要預知性狀相關的基因或調控該基因的位點和DNA序列。該技術已被應用于許多品種的養(yǎng)殖業(yè)，已在鮭魚和羅非魚的育種中有了顯著的進展。鯉魚(Cyprinus carpio L.)是一種重要的水產養(yǎng)殖物種,有超過四千年的養(yǎng)殖歷史。 DNA測序的進步和分子標記的發(fā)掘促進了鯉魚遺傳資源的快速發(fā)展，特別是遺傳連鎖圖譜的構建。遺傳連鎖圖作為基本的工具，主要是為了解控制重要性狀的基因或位點，與經濟性狀相...

【文章頁數】：154 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
EPIGRAPH
ABSTRACT
摘要
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Introduction
    1.2 Reference
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 Back ground
    2.2 Discovery of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
    2.3 Development of molecular markers
        2.3.1 Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
        2.3.2 Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
        2.3.3 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
        2.3.4 Simple sequence repeat (SSR)
        2.3.5 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
    2.4 Genetic Linkage Mapping
        2.4.1 Resources for construction genetic maps
    2.5 Linkage mapping in aquaculture
    2.6 Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL)
        2.6.1 Qualitative traits
            a) Color
            b) LDH and SOD
            c) Sex
            d) Diseases resistance
            e) Stress response
            f) Temperature tolerance
        2.6.2 Quantitative traits
            a) Meristic
            b) Body length
            c) Body size
            d) Body weight
            e) Embryonic development
            f) Fat percentage and distribution
            g) Feed conversion ratio (FCR)
            h) Fecundity
            i) Growth rate
            j) Hatch time
            k) Spawning time
    2.7 Fish Genetics
    2.8 Marker-assisted selection breeding
    2.9 Common carp
    2.10 Summary
    2.11 References
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
    3.1 Source of Population
    3.2 Trait measurement
        3.2.1 Population 1
        3.2.2 Population 2
        3.2.3 Population 3
    3.3 DNA sampling and isolation
    3.4 Development of molecular markers
        3.4.1 Microsatellite markers
        3.4.2 Single nucleotide polymorphism
    3.5 Genotyping
    3.6 Construction of genetic linkage map
    3.7 Mapping Quantitative trait loci (QTL)
    3.8 Statistical analysis
    3.9 References
CHAPTER 4 MAPPING QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTL) FOR BODY WEIGHT, LENGTH AND CONDITION FACTOR TRAITS IN BACKCROSS (BC1) FAMILY OF COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Materials and methods
        4.2.1 Source of population and traits
        4.2.2 DNA extraction
        4.2.3 Microsatellite and SNP genotyping
        4.2.4 Construction of genetic map
        4.2.5 QTL analysis in Population
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Traits measurement
        4.3.2 Linkage map
        4.3.3 QTL mapping
        4.3.4 Statistical analysis
    4.4 Discussion
    4.5 Summary
    4.6 References
CHAPTER 5 QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTL) ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH-RATE TRAIT IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Material and methods
        5.2.1 Source of population and traits
        5.2.2 DNA extraction
        5.2.3 Microsatellite and SNP genotyping
        5.2.4 Construction of genetic map
        5.2.5 QTL analysis in population
    5.3 Results
        5.3.1 Trait measurement
        5.3.2 Linkage map
        5.3.3 QTL mapping
    5.4 Discussion
    5.5 Summery
    5.6 Reference
CHAPTER 6 MAPPING QTLs FOR SWIMMING ABILITY RELATED TRAITS IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Material and method
        6.2.1 Source of population and traits
        6.2.2 DNA extraction
        6.2.3 Microsatellite and SNP genotyping
        6.2.4 Construction of genetic map
        6.2.5 QTL analysis in population
    6.3 Results
        6.3.1 Trait measurement
        6.3.2 Linkage map
        6.3.3 QTL mapping
        6.3.4 Statistical analysis
    6.4 Discussion
    6.5 Summery
    6.6 Reference
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS



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