水稻是全球數(shù)10億人的主糧之一,其需求還在不斷增加。它在亞洲的種植面積達到1億4千萬公頃,產(chǎn)量6.67億噸,占全球產(chǎn)量的90%以上。然而,相對于旱田作物,其產(chǎn)量水平的維持基于大量農(nóng)資等的投入;培育綠色超級稻(GSR)是減少投入的基礎上維持產(chǎn)量水平的重要舉措。本研究內(nèi)容包括兩部分,一是利用GSR項目培育的回交導入系穩(wěn)定材料在越南進行評價與鑒定,二是利用回交導入系(BILs)和重組自交系(RILs)遺傳群體進行連鎖分析、結(jié)合GSR項目收集的種質(zhì)材料進行GWAS分析,定位可以用于未來GSR品種群體結(jié)構(gòu)改良的水稻卷葉性狀QTL,獲得以下主要結(jié)果:1、從引種越南的754個GSR品系中,初步篩選獲得了12個水稻苗頭品系。在越南富安省的2個試驗點上3個種植季節(jié)布置試驗,最終獲得4個最優(yōu)的品系,GSR65、GSR90、Nam Uu 1245和GSR38。本研究以其中GSR65和GSR90在富安省的表現(xiàn)為例,二者的實際產(chǎn)量達到了7.98和8.17噸/公頃,分別比對照品種ML48(7.13噸/公頃)增產(chǎn)11.9%和14.6%。同時也設計了二者相應的栽培措施。2、一定程度向內(nèi)卷曲的葉片是水稻育種家眼中的有利性狀,有助于從群體水平上提高GSR品種的光合效率、水分利用效率,并通過改善微環(huán)境從而一定程度的改善抗病性。因此接下去對該性狀開展了初步的遺傳分析。借助262個來自秈粳雜交組合(明恢63和02428)的RILs結(jié)合BILs驗證,并與用一套來自GSR項目資助的3K測序資源的聯(lián)合定位分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)控制水稻卷葉性狀的多數(shù)位點上的有利等位基因來自于3K種質(zhì)資源。通過對其中一個區(qū)段(gRl4-2)加密SNP標記進行重掃描,我們將其解析為3個亞區(qū)間,其中第3個亞區(qū)間能夠改變3.5%的卷葉指數(shù)(LRI),變幅在2.4%到4.1%之間;其中很可能包含一個比較重要的卷葉基因。其它的幾個通過兩種方法同時定位到的比較可靠的位點,包括qRl4,qRl5,qRl6,qRl7a和qRl7b等在內(nèi),將為GSR下一步的群體水平理想株型改良提供有用的參考。綜上所述,本研究一方面通過對GSR項目育成的回交導入系在越南的育種評價,獲得了可能在越南推廣的GSR優(yōu)良品系;另一方面通過對BIL驗證RIL結(jié)合GSR項目種質(zhì)資源的聯(lián)合分析,為GSR品系選育的群體結(jié)構(gòu)改良做好技術(shù)儲備。
【學位單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位年份】：2018
【中圖分類】：S511
【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Abbreviation
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 LITERATURE REVIEW
    1.1 DEVELOPMENT OF SUPERIOR RICE VARIETIES
    1.2 GREEN SUPER RICE (GSR) PROJECT IN CHINA AND VIETNAM
    1.3 IDEAL PLANT TYPE IN RICE AND LEAF ROLLING
        1.3.1 Ideal plant type and superior rice
        1.3.2 Relationship of leaf rolling traits with yield
        1.3.3 Phenotypic relationships and data collection for rolling leaf
        1.3.4 QTL and gene ontology (GO) in leaf rolling
        1.3.5 Leaf rolling and morphological,chemical and environmental factors
    1.4 GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AFFECTS RICE YIELD
    1.5 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STABLE QTL WITH ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS
        1.5.1 Mapping populations and QTL mapping
        1.5.2 Advanced backcross QTL strategy
        1.5.3 A genome-wide association study (GWAS)
        1.5.4 Linkage disequilibrium fine mapping
        1.5.5 Molecular marker system for genetic mapping
        1.5.6 Joint mapping and marker-trait association analysis
Chapter 2 GSR LINES EVALUATION IN VIETNAM
    2.1 OBJECTIVES
    2.2 MATERIAL FOR RESEARCH
    2.3 TRIAL METHOD
    2.4 RESULT OF GREEN SUPER RICE BREEDING ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIETNAM
Chapter 3 RESULTS OF BASIC EXPERIMENT OF GSR LINES IN PHU YEN PROVINCE
    3.1 MATERIALS
    3.2 EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND RESEARCH CONTENT
    3.3 RESEARCH METHOD
    3.4 RESULT
    3.5 CONCLUSION
Chapter 4 RESULTS OF TRIALS OF TWO GSR LINES IN PHU YEN PROVINCE
    4.1 MATERIALS
    4.2 EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND RESEARCH CONTENT
    4.3 RESEARCH METHOD
    4.4 RESULTS
    4.5 CONCLUSION:
Chapter 5 JOINT MAPPING AND ALLELE MINING OF THE LEAF ROLLING TRAIT
    5.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        5.1.1 Field experiments and phenotyping method
        5.1.2 Genotyping and mapping
        5.1.3 Data analysis
    5.2 RESULTS
        5.2.1 Linkage mapping of main-effect QTLs controlling the leaf rolling trait
        5.2.2 GWAS mapping of QTLs affecting the leaf rolling trait
        5.2.3 Allele mining for the leaf rolling trait
        5.2.4 Subregional analysis of g Rl4-2
    5.3 DISCUSSION
        5.3.1 QTLs underlying segregation of the leaf rolling trait in the RIL population
        5.3.2 Comparison of leaf rolling QTLs detected by GWAS with those revealed in earlier studies
Summary
    Implications for rice breeding for ideal plant type
    Implication for GSR breeding adaptation to climate change in Vietnam
REFERENCE
APPENDIX
    APPENDIX 1. THIRTY-NINE QTLS ASSOCIATED WIH LEAF ROLLING TRAITS IN GRAMME DATABASE
    APPENDIX 2: TEN QTLS ASSOCIATED WIH LEAF TRAITS IN MINGHUI 63 AND OTHER PARENTS
    APPENDIX 3. REPRESENTATIVE SNPS FOR FAVORABLE ALLELES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON LEAF ROLLING INDEX (LRI, %) SIMULTANEOUSLY DETECTED BY GWAS AND LINKAGE MAPPING IN THIS STUDY OR PREVIOUS STUDIES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR


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