實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食的有效供給,是南亞地區(qū)的重要問題。該地區(qū)的人口數(shù)量在過去50年間增加了3倍。但無論人口如何增漲,南亞許多地區(qū)的糧食產(chǎn)量已呈下降趨勢,人均糧食消費(fèi)量仍然保持不變。此外,人均耕地面積也在急劇下降,例如1980年至2010年間,孟加拉國的人均可耕地面積從0.11 ha減少到0.05 ha,印度從0.23 ha減少到0.13 ha,尼泊爾從0.15 ha減少到0.08 ha,巴基斯坦從0.24 ha減少到0.12 ha。提高農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)率,合理投入農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料,有助于作物產(chǎn)量的提高和生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。由于作物生產(chǎn)易受氣候變化的影響,因此要仔細(xì)考慮農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)措施對環(huán)境的影響。而保障糧食安全和環(huán)境安全需要提高生產(chǎn)力,實(shí)現(xiàn)資源的有效利用。針對該地區(qū)的大部分研究集中于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料投入的有效性和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)者的購買能力大小,沒有基于農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化、能量利用效率及對環(huán)境影響的分析研究。本研究對巴基斯坦玉米生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化指標(biāo)、能源利用效率進(jìn)行了評價,并分析了其對環(huán)境的影響。采用基于能量的機(jī)械化指數(shù)(MI)為評價指標(biāo),分別采用多元回歸和相關(guān)分析方法,研究不同的社會因素對機(jī)械化指數(shù)和對玉米產(chǎn)量機(jī)械化指數(shù)的影響...

【文章頁數(shù)】：126 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
    1.1 Background
    1.2 Research significance and objectives
    1.3 Review of literature
    1.4 Research contents
    1.5 Research innovations
    1.6 Technological route
Chapter 2 Research theory
    2.1 Study area
    2.2 Sampling and data collection
    2.3 Theory of mechanization
    2.4 Theory of energy efficiency
    2.5 Theory of environmental impact assessment
Chapter 3 Energy Efficiency Measures in Agriculture
    3.1 Opportunities and constraints
    3.2 Agricultural inputs
    3.3 Farming Operations
    3.4 Sources and coefficients of energy
Chapter 4 Quantification of mechanization index and its impact on crop productivity
    4.1 Situation of agriculture mechanization
    4.2 Technical details
    4.3 Analytical technique
    4.4 Results and discussion
    4.5 Summary
Chapter 5 An Ensemble Approach for Assessment of Energy Efficiency of Agriculture system in Pakistan
    5.1 Energy efficiency
    5.2 Energetic assessment
    5.3 Technical efficiency assessment
    5.4 Ensemble data envelopment analysis
    5.5 Results and discussion
    5.6 Summary
Chapter 6 Toward Sustainable Crop Production System
    6.1 Environmental sustainability
    6.2 Life cycle assessment
    6.3 Results and discussion
    6.4 Summary
Chapter 7 Improving energy efficiency and management needs
    7.1 Agriculture production system
    7.2 Optimization of energy inputs
    7.3 Socioeconomic factors
    7.4 Results and discussions
    7.5 Summary
Chapter 8 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Acknowledgements
Resume



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