熊蜂是眾多開(kāi)花植物的重要傳粉昆蟲(chóng),在農(nóng)業(yè)和自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著十分重要的作用。但是,受眾多因素的影響,近幾十年來(lái)全球很多地區(qū),尤其是歐洲和北美地區(qū),熊蜂多樣性水平急劇下降,為全球人類的可持續(xù)生活敲響了警鐘。中國(guó)是全球熊蜂資源最豐富的國(guó)家,已報(bào)道125種,占全球已知熊蜂物種總數(shù)的50%。但是中國(guó)熊蜂整體分布格局及其面臨威脅還缺乏系統(tǒng)研究。本文分析了中國(guó)125種熊蜂的分布格局,評(píng)估了外來(lái)物種歐洲地熊蜂和未來(lái)環(huán)境變化對(duì)中國(guó)本土熊蜂的威脅程度,提出了保護(hù)中國(guó)熊蜂的建議。為明確中國(guó)熊蜂區(qū)系特點(diǎn)和建立保護(hù)熊蜂多樣性的監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū),利用近20年來(lái)采集的125種熊蜂的分布數(shù)據(jù),來(lái)劃分中國(guó)熊蜂區(qū)系和鑒定指示物種。經(jīng)緯度3°×3°方格內(nèi)物種相似性的聚類分析結(jié)果表明,中國(guó)熊蜂呈現(xiàn)4大生物地理區(qū)系,即華南地區(qū)(I)、華北-東北地區(qū)(II)、蒙古高原及其周邊山地(III)和青藏高原及其周邊山地(IV);我們發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候因素對(duì)中國(guó)熊蜂區(qū)系的影響大于地形因素及兩者聯(lián)合因素。在I、II,、III和IV四個(gè)區(qū)系中,分別有7、5、10和4種熊蜂被鑒定為指示物種,這26種指示物種的分布重疊區(qū)就是保護(hù)中國(guó)熊蜂多樣性的最佳監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)。為探究...

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：110 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要 Abstract Abbreviations CHAPTER 1.General Introduction
1.1 The importance of pollinators
    1.1.1 Declining of pollinators
    1.1.2 Driving factors of pollinators decline
1.2 Bumblebee species
1.3 Declining of bumblebee species
1.4 Factors of bumblebees declining
    1.4.1 Agriculture practices responsible for the bumblebee decline
    1.4.2.Non-native species responsible for the bumblebee decline
    1.4.3 Environmental stresses responsible for the bumblebee decline
1.5 Conservation of bumblebee species
    1.5.1 Nature reserve
    1.5.2 Keep pollinators habitats with margin for wild flowers in crop lands
    1.5.3 Reduce pesticides using
    1.5.4 Geographical Information Systems(GIS) &species distribution modelling(SDM)as tools for risk analysis and conservation CHAPTER 2 Distribution patterns and indicator species identification of bumblebee species of China
2.1.Summary
2.2.Introduction
2.3.Objectives
2.4.Materials and Methods
    2.4.1.Study region and bumblebee species
    2.4.2.Climatic and topographical variables
    2.4.3.Statistical analysis
    2.4.4.Habitat suitability modelling to facilitate surveying the indicator species
2.5.Results
    2.5.1.Species composition and variable characteristics
    2.5.2.Bumblebee species biogeographical regions
    2.5.3.Relative influences of climatic and topographical drivers on bioregionalization
    2.5.4.Indicator species identification
    2.5.5.Habitat suitability modelling to facilitate surveying the indicator species
2.6.Discussion
2.7 Conclusion CHAPTER 3.Threat assessment of the invasive European bumblebee Bombus terrestris with habitat overlapping to East Asian bumblebees
3.1.Summary
3.2.Introduction
3.3.Materials and methods
    3.3.1 Modelled species
    3.3.2 Environmental layers and modelling procedures
    3.3.3 Assessment of overlapping habitats
3.4.Results
    3.4.1.Modelling accuracy
    3.4.2.Potential distributions of bumblebee species
    3.4.3.Habitat overlap risk analysis
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion CHAPTER 4.Threat assessment of future climate and land covers changes to East Asian bumblebees
4.1.Summary
4.2.Introduction
4.3.Materials and methods
    4.3.1.Modelling procedures and bioclimatic variables
    4.3.2.Land cover identification and future changes
    4.3.3.Distribution response to future climate and land cover changes
    4.3.4.Species richness calculation
4.4.Results
    4.4.1.Modelling accuracy
    4.4.2.Dominant land covers within current ranges and predicted land cover changes
    4.4.3.Distributional response of endemic bumblebee species
4.5.Discussion
    4.5.1.Classification of bumblebee land cover groups
    4.5.2.Conservation strategies for endemic bumblebee species
4.6.Conclusion CHAPTER5.General conclusions REFERENCES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CURRICULUM VITAE



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