水稻是第二重要的糧食作物,世界上有一半以上的人口以大米為食。害蟲對水稻的危害一直是制約全球水稻生產(chǎn)和質(zhì)量的主要因素,為降低其危害,殺蟲劑仍是主要的防治手段,每年施用的殺蟲劑要花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬美元。因此,需選用新型、高效和環(huán)境友好的殺蟲劑來減少由害蟲暴發(fā)造成的產(chǎn)量損失。然而,在多種昆蟲中,如白背飛虱,其抗性的發(fā)展對殺蟲劑的有效性造成嚴(yán)重的威脅。白背飛虱（WBPH）Sogatella furcifera（Horvath）（Hemiptera:Delphacidae）是許多亞洲發(fā)展中國家水稻上的主要害蟲,它通過吸吮韌皮部汁液和在水稻莖中產(chǎn)卵危害,給水稻的安全生產(chǎn)造成重大損失�；瘜W(xué)殺蟲劑仍是防治白背飛虱獲得高產(chǎn)水稻的主要手段。然而,由于殺蟲劑的大量使用,白背飛虱已對12種不同的活性化合物（包括噻嗪酮）產(chǎn)生抗性。噻嗪酮是昆蟲生長調(diào)節(jié)劑類殺蟲劑之一,屬于噻二嗪類,能抑制昆蟲幾丁質(zhì)合成,其中幾丁質(zhì)是昆蟲表皮中最重要的部分。目前,噻嗪酮在稻田中主要用于防治同翅目害蟲。然而由于其大量使用,白背飛虱田間種群已對噻嗪酮產(chǎn)生高水平抗性。因此,為探究白背飛虱對噻嗪酮的抗性機(jī)制,延緩抗性的發(fā)展,本文監(jiān)測了白背飛虱田間種... 

【文章頁數(shù)】：143 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Abbreviations
Abstract
摘要
Chapter 1 Literature Review
    1.1 Rice
    1.2 Rice pest
    1.3 WBPH (white-backed planthopper)
    1.4 Economic loss due to damage caused by WBPH
    1.5 Taxonomic Tree of WBPH
    1.6 Biology of WBPH
    1.7 Different tactics for management of WBPH
        1.7.1 Biological control
        1.7.2 Mechanical and cultural control
        1.7.3 Chemical control
    1.8 Buprofezin
        1.8.1 Physical and chemical properties of buprofezin
        1.8.2 Ecotoxicology of buprofezin
        1.8.3 Mechanism action of buprofezin
    1.9 Fitness costs
    1.10 Cross-resistance
    1.11 Progress in resistance to WBPH
        1.11.1 Resistance of WBPH to organochlorine
        1.11.2 Resistance of WBPH to organophosphate and carbamate
        1.11.3 Resistance of WBPH to pyrethroid insecticide
        1.11.4 Resistance of WBPH to insect growth regulator insecticide
        1.11.5 Resistance of WBPH to neonicotinoid insecticide
        1.11.6 Resistance of WBPH to pyridine insecticide
    1.12 Resistance Mechanism Assessments
        1.12.1 Cytochrome P450
        1.12.2 Mechanism action of P450
        1.12.3 Glutathione S- transferase (GST)
        1.12.4 Mechanism action of GST
        1.12.5 Carboxylesterases (CarEs)
        1.12.6 Mechanism action of CarEs
    1.13 Objectives of the research
Chapter 2 Monitoring of buprofezin resistance in the field populations of WBPH
    Introduction
    2.1 Materials and Methods
        2.1.1 Insects
        2.1.2 Chemicals
        2.1.3 Apparatus and equipments
        2.1.4 Bioassay method
        2.1.5 Test for synergism
        2.1.6 Statistical analysis
    2.2 Results
        2.2.1 Susceptibility of field population of white-backed planthopper to buprofezin
        2.2.2 Pair-wise correlation analysis
        2.2.3 Synergistic effect on buprofezin toxicity of field populations of WBPH
    2.3 Discussion
        2.3.1 Resistance monitoring of WBPH
        2.3.2 Pair wise Correlation with other tested insecticides
Chapter 3 Sublethal effects of buprofezin on life-table of white-backed planthopper
    Introduction
    3.1 Materials and Methods
        3.1.1 Insect and insecticide
        3.1.2 Apparatus and equipments
        3.1.3 Bioassay method
        3.1.4 Statistical analysis
    3.2 Results
        3.2.1 Buprofezin toxicity to white-backed planthopper
        3.2.2 Sublethal effects of buprofezin on parental (F0) WBPH
        3.2.3 Transgenerational effects of buprofezin on offspring (F1) WBPH
    3.3 Discussion
Chapter 4 Fitness cost and inheritance of buprofezin-resistance in white-backedplanthopper
    Introduction
    4.1 Materials and methods
        4.1.1 Susceptible insect
        4.1.2 Resistant insect
        4.1.3 Apparatus and equipment
        4.1.4 Bioassay
        4.1.5 Genetics of resistance to buprofezin
        4.1.6 Fitness comparisons
        4.1.7 Statistical analysis
    4.2 Results
        4.2.1 Buprofezin Selection
        4.2.2 Genetics of resistance to buprofezin
        4.2.3 Fitness comparison
    4.3 Discussions
Chapter 5 Selection for buprofezin resistance in white-backed planthopper and itspossible mechanisms
    Introduction
    5.1 Materials and methods
        5.1.1 Insect
        5.1.2 Resistant Insect
        5.1.3 Chemicals and reagents
        5.1.4 Apparatus and equipments
        5.1.5 Bioassay
        5.1.6 Resistance selection
        5.1.7 Test for synergism
        5.1.8 Enzyme Activity
        5.1.9 Data analysis
    5.2 Results
        5.2.1 Buprofezin resistance development
        5.2.2 Cross resistance and Synergistic effects
        5.2.3 Assessments of detoxification enzymes
    5.3 Discussion
Chapter 6 Screening of different genes associated with the resistance of buprofezin
    Introduction
    6.1 Materials and Methods
        6.1.1 Insect
        6.1.2 Chemicals and reagents
        6.1.3 Apparatus for RNAs and c DNAs analysis
        6.1.4 Primer design
        6.1.5 RNA extraction
        6.1.6 cDNA synthesis
        6.1.7 qRT-PCR reaction
        6.1.8 Data analysis
    6.2 Results
        6.2.1 Assessment of expression levels of detoxification genes in buprofezin resistant andsusceptible strains
    6.3 Discussion
Chapter 7 Conclusion and Prospectives
References
Appendices
Publications
Acknowledgements


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期刊論文
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