發(fā)布時間：2022-07-27 21:48

　　稻米是人類的重要主糧,將近50%的世界人口以大米為主食。從2009到2017年,估計約有4.7564億噸大米被消費,其中亞洲人口消費量超過90%。中國是世界上最大的大米生產(chǎn)國和消費國,超過65%的中國人以大米為主食,每年種植水稻面積約為2.94千萬公頃。為了應(yīng)對人口的增長壓力,中國水稻產(chǎn)量在2030年的產(chǎn)量需要比現(xiàn)在增加20%。但是,每年因害蟲危害引起的產(chǎn)量下降和稻米品質(zhì)降低嚴(yán)重減少了農(nóng)民收入。水稻黑尾葉蟬（Nephotettix cincticeps）是中國和亞洲其他許多地區(qū)的一種水稻害蟲。其每年多代的刺吸水稻汁液為害,嚴(yán)重影響了水稻產(chǎn)量。長期依靠化學(xué)農(nóng)藥防治,導(dǎo)致害蟲產(chǎn)生抗藥性的同時增加了對自然天敵在內(nèi)的非靶標(biāo)害蟲風(fēng)險。在害蟲綜合防治系統(tǒng)中,利用植物源精油防治黑尾葉蟬是減少常規(guī)化學(xué)農(nóng)藥防治的一種有效替代途徑。本研究在室內(nèi)、溫室和田間系統(tǒng)地評估了 12種植物精油和兩種含自植物精油中的單體化合物（芳樟醇和胡椒堿）對黑尾葉蟬雌成蟲和3齡若蟲的驅(qū)避活性。此外,在生理水平上,測定了精油對黑尾葉蟬體內(nèi)谷胱甘肽-S-轉(zhuǎn)移酶（Glutathione S Tranferase,GST） ,羥基酯酶（... 

【文章頁數(shù)】：92 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Chapter Ⅰ. Introduction
    1.1 Plant based bio-pesticide
        1.1.1 Obtention of essential oils
        1.1.2 The growing concern about using essential oils
        1.1.3 Classification of plant pesticides
    1.2 Rice production and challenge in China
    1.3 Niphotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
    1.4 Licossa pseudoannulata (Araneae:Lycosidae)
    1.5 Detoxification enzymes
    1.6 Objectives of this research
Chapter Ⅱ.Materials and Methods
    2.1 Insect colony
    2.2 Spider
    2.3 Essential oil extraction
    2.4 Essential oils dissolution
    2.5 Repellency of essential oils against adult and nymph leafhoppers in the laboratory
    2.6 Repellency of essential oils against adult and nymph leafhoppers in the greenhouse
    2.7 Repellency of some major compounds against adult and nymph leafhoppers in thelaboratory and greenhouse
    2.8 Enzyme activities of N. cincticeps after essential oil treatment
    2.9 Bioassay of essential oils on the natural enemy Licosa pseudoannulata in thelaboratory conditions
    2.10 Open field bioassays
    2.11 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)analysis
    2.12 Data analysis
Chapter Ⅲ.Results
    3.1 Laboratory assays
        3.1.1 Screening of twelve essential oils
        3.1.2 Repellency of Piper nigrum, Litsea cubeba, Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Hypericum hemsleyanum, Stemona japonica and Curcuma longa in the laboratory
    3.2 Greenhouse assays
        3.2.1 Repellency of Piper nigrum, Litsea cubeba, Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Hypericum hemsleyanum, Stemona japonica and Curcuma longa in the greenhouse
    3.3 GC-MS analysis
    3.4 Repellency of major compounds against leafhoppers in the laboratory andgreenhouse
    3.5 Enzyme activities
    3.6 Effect of essential oils on the spider Licosa pseudoannulata in the laboratory
        3.6.1 Chemotaxis assay
        3.6.2 Effect of essential oils on predation
    3.7 Open field assays
        3.7.1 Repellency effect of P. nigrum, L. cubeba and the mixture of two againstleafhoppers in the open field
        3.7.2 Behavioral response of L. pseudoannulata on P. nigrum, L. cubeba and themixture of two oils in field assay
Chapter Ⅳ. Discussion
    4.1 Effectiveness of essential oils in repelling the rice pest N. cincticeps
    4.2 Essential oil compositions
    4.3 Effect of chemical compounds
    4.4 Effect of essential oils on detoxification enzymes
    4.5 Effect of essential oils on spider
    4.6 Strength and challenge by using this strategy
    4.7 Limitation of the method
Chapter Ⅴ. Conclusion and perspective
Reference cited
Pulications list
Acknowledgement


【參考文獻】：
期刊論文
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[2]甲胺磷對擬環(huán)紋豹蛛中腸蛋白消化酶活性影響的壓電傳感監(jiān)測[J]. 王智,宋大祥,付秀芹,李云龍.  昆蟲學(xué)報. 2006(04)
[3]21種植物提取物對玉米象的生物活性[J]. 姚英娟,薛東,楊長舉.  昆蟲學(xué)報. 2005(05)
[4]中國糧食安全和水稻生產(chǎn)[J]. 章秀福,王丹英,方福平,曾衍坤,廖西元.  農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化研究. 2005(02)
[5]稻田主要節(jié)肢類捕食者群落的結(jié)構(gòu)和動態(tài)[J]. 張古忍,張文慶,古德祥.  中山大學(xué)學(xué)報論叢. 1995(02)



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