發(fā)布時間：2022-02-13 04:13

　　植物精油因其具有趨避、抑制產(chǎn)卵、熏蒸及觸殺活性而被廣泛用于防治害蟲。與常規(guī)化學(xué)農(nóng)藥比,它對非靶標(biāo)害蟲的低毒性也使得其成為替代化學(xué)農(nóng)藥進(jìn)行防治害蟲一種重要手段。本實驗研究了提取自14種芳香、辛辣以及藥用植物的植物精油及4種化合物單體在不同劑量下（1000、5000、2500、1000、100ppm）對溫室、倉儲和衛(wèi)生害蟲的生物活性（趨避、抑制產(chǎn)卵、熏蒸劑及觸殺毒性）。結(jié)果表明植上述有生物活性的植物精油最適使用劑量為1OOOOppm。具體結(jié)果如下:1.植物精油對溫室主要害蟲的生物活性1.1對煙粉虱（Bemisiatabaci）的趨避及抑制產(chǎn)卵活性石菖蒲（Acorus tatarinowii）、百部（Stemona japonica）、梔子花 （Gardenia jasminoides）、肉豆蔻（Myristica fragrans）、獨(dú)活（Heracleum hemsleyanum）、胡椒（Piper nigrum）、姜黃（Curcuma longa）、山雞椒（Litsea cubeba）和花椒（Zanthoxylumbungeanum）精油對粉虱成蟲具有熏蒸毒性。室內(nèi)條件下,經(jīng)過肉豆蔻處... 

【文章來源】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)湖北省211工程院校教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：151 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
    1.1. Plant-based essential oils
    1.2. Use of essential oils in pest control
    1.3. Greenhouse Insect and Mite Pests
        1.3.1. Greenhouse
        1.3.2. Whiteflies
        1.3.3. Aphids
        1.3.4. Mites
        1.3.5. Control strategies of greenhouse pests
        1.3.6. Weakenesses of Control
    1.4. Stored Grain Pests
        1.4.1. Stored Grain
        1.4.2. Biology of common insect pests of stored grain
        1.4.3. Red flour beetle
        1.4.4. Sawtoothed grain beetle
        1.4.5. Maize weevil
        1.4.6. Control strategies of stored grain pests
        1.4.7. Weaknesses of control
    1.5. Household Insect Pests
        1.5.1. Househould pest
        1.5.2. Common house hold insect pests
        1.5.3. Pharaoh ant
        1.5.4. German cockroach
        1.5.5. Control of household pests
        1.5.6. Weaknesses of control
    1.6. Aims of the study
2. CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHOD
    2.1. Plant materials
    2.2. Ethanol-extracted essential oils
    2.3. Prepration of working solution
    2.4. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
    2.5. Whitefly biotype determination through mtcoi gene identification
    2.6. Host plants cultivation
        2.6.1. Host plants for whitefly and mites
        2.6.2. Host plants for Aphid
    2.7. Insects
        2.7.1. Culture of whitefly
        2.7.2. Culture of Mites
        2.7.3. Culture of Aphid
        2.7.4. Culture of maize weevil
        2.7.5. Culture of saw-toothed beetle
        2.7.6. Culture of red flour beetle
        2.7.7. Culture of ants
        2.7.8. Culture of cockroaches
    2.8. Bioassay
        2.8.1. Laboratory experiments of green house pests
            2.8.1.1. Whitefly Fumigant toxicity
            2.8.1.2. Whitefly Contact toxicity
            2.8.1.3. Contact toxicity against adult and nymph mites and whitefly nymphs
            2.8.1.4. Whitefly repellency
            2.8.1.5. Aphid repellency test in choice experiment
            2.8.1.6. Aphid repellency test in no-choice method
        2.8.2. Laboratory experiments of stored grain pests
            2.8.2.1. Fumigation
                2.8.2.1.1. Maize weevil larval and adult fumigant toxicity
                2.8.2.1.2. Red flour beetle larval fumigant toxicity
                2.8.2.1.3. Saw-toothed beetle larval and adult development following essential oil fumigation
            2.8.2.2. Repellency
                2.8.2.2.1. Maize weevil repellency
                2.8.2.2.2. Saw-toothed grain beetles repellency test
                2.8.2.2.3. Red flour beetle area preference test in petri dish
                2.8.2.2.4. Red flour beetle repellency in H-type tube
            2.8.2.3. Eggs hatching effects of red flour beetle
        2.8.3. Laboratory experiment of House hold pests
            2.8.3.1. Repellency
                2.8.3.1.1. Ant repellency test
                2.8.3.1.2. Cockroach repellency experiment
        2.8.4. Greenhouse experiment
            2.8.4.1. Whitefly adult contact toxicity
            2.8.4.2. Contact toxicity against whitefly nymphs and adult and nymph mites
            2.8.4.3. Whitefly adult repellency and anti-oviposition
            2.8.4.4. Aphid repellency
        2.8.5. Kitchen experiment
            2.8.5.1. Cockroach repellency
    2.9. Statistical analyses
3. CHAPTER 3: RESULTS
    3.1. Greenhouse pests
        3.1.1. Laboratory experiments
            3.1.1.1. Fumigant toxicity to adult whitefly
                3.1.1.1.1. M. fragrans
                3.1.1.1.2. A. tatarinowii,S. japonica and H. hemsleyanum
                3.1.1.1.3. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acid
            3.1.1.2. Contact toxicity to whitefly
                3.1.1.2.1. A. tatarinowii, H. hemsleyanum, and S. japonica toxicity to adults
                3.1.1.2.2. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acidtoxicity to whitefly nymph
                3.1.1.2.3. M. fragrans toxicity to whitefly nymph
            3.1.1.3. Contact toxicity to mite
                3.1.1.3.1. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acidtoxicity to adult mite
                3.1.1.3.2. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acidtoxicity to mite nymphs
            3.1.1.4. Whitefly repellency and oviposition deterrent
                3.1.1.4.1. L.cubeba
                3.1.1.4.2. P.nigrum
                3.1.1.4.3. C.longa
                3.1.1.4.4. Z. bungeanum
                3.1.1.4.5. M. fragrans
                3.1.1.4.6. A. tatarinowii, H. hemsleyanum and S. japonica
            3.1.1.5. Aphid repellency
                3.1.1.5.1. A. tatarinowii
                3.1.1.5.2. S. japonica
                3.1.1.5.3. M. haplocalyx
                3.1.1.5.4. A. tatarinowii+S. japonica
                3.1.1.5.5. Aphid repellency response of no-choice method
            3.1.1.6. Aphid molting
                3.1.1.6.1. Molting of A. glycines after feeding of plants applied with essential oils
        3.1.2. Greenhouse experiment
            3.1.2.1. Contact Toxicity
                3.1.2.1.1. H. hemsleyanum, A. tatarinowii and S. japonica toxicity to whitefly adult
                3.1.2.1.2. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, n-hexadecanoic acid and 9-12-octadecadienoic acidtoxicity to whitefly nymph
                3.1.2.1.3. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, n-hexadecanoic acid and 9-12-octadecadienoic acidtoxicity to mite adult
                3.1.2.1.4. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, n-hexadecanoic acid and 9-12-octadecadienoic acid totoxicity to mite nymph
            3.1.2.2. Whitefly repellency and oviposition deterrent
                3.1.2.2.1. L.cubeba
                3.1.2.2.2. P.nigrum
                3.1.2.2.3. Z.bungeanum
                3.1.2.2.4. C.longa
                3.1.2.2.5. G.jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, n-hexadecanoic acid and 9-12-octadecadienoic acid
                3.1.2.2.6. M.fi-agrans
                3.1.2.2.7. A. tatarinowii, H. hemsleyanum and S. japonica
            3.1.2.3. Aphid Repellency
                3.1.2.3.1. A.tatarinowii, S. japonica, M. haplocalyx, and A. tatarinowii+S. japonica
    3.2. Stored Grain pest
        3.2.1. Fumigant toxicity
            3.2.1.1. M. haplocalyx and A.ascalonicum fumigation to S. zeamais adult and nymph
            3.2.1.2. M. piperita, C. atlantica and S. paniculatum fumigant effects to T. castaneum larva
            3.2.1.3. C. camphora, P. nigrum and S. japonica effects on O. surinamensis larvae and adult development
        3.2.2. Repellency experiment
            3.2.2.1. M. haplocalyx and A.ascalonicum repellency to S.zeamais adult and nymph
            3.2.2.2. C. camphora, P. nigrum and S. japonica repellency to O. surinamensis adults
            3.2.2.3. H. hemsleyanum, M. haplocalyx and S.japonica repellency to T. castaneum
            3.2.2.4. H. hemsleyanum, M. haplocalyx and S.japonica repellency duration to T. castaneum
            3.2.2.5. M. piperita, C. atlantica and S. paniculatum repellency to T. castaneum
            3.2.2.6. M. piperita, C. atlantica and S. paniculatum eggs hatching effects to T. castaneum
    3.3. Household pest
        3.3.1. Repellency to M. pharaonis
            3.3.1.1. C. longa (Turmeric)
            3.3.1.2. L. cubeba (Litsea)
            3.3.1.3. Comparison between C. longa and L. cubeba
        3.3.2. Repellency to cockroaches
            3.3.2.1. Repellency in laboratory
            3.3.2.2. Adult and nymph response in the kitchens experiments
    3.4. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
4. CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION
    4.1. Greenhouse pests
        4.1.1. Fumigant and contact toxicity to whitefly
            4.1.1.1. M. fragrans toxicity to adult whitefly
            4.1.1.2. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acidtoxicity to whitefly
            4.1.1.3. A.tatarinowii, H. hemsleyanum, and S. japonica toxicity to adult whitefly
        4.1.2. Contact toxicity to mite
            4.1.2.1. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acidtoxicity to mite
        4.1.3. Repellency and oviposition deterrnt to whitefly
            4.1.3.1. L. cubeba
            4.1.3.2. P. nigrum
            4.1.3.3. C. longa
            4.1.3.4. Z. bungeanum
            4.1.3.5. M. fragrans
            4.1.3.6. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acid
        4.1.4. Repellency to Aphid
            4.1.4.1. A. tatarinowii, S. japonica, M. haplocalyx and A. tatarinowii+S. japonica settling response toaphid using the choice and no-choice method in lab
            4.1.4.2. A. tatarinowii, S. japonica, M. haplocalyx and A. tatarinowii+S. japonica settling response toaphid using the choice method in Greenhouse
    4.2. Stored gain Pests
        4.2.1. Fumigation
            4.2.1.1. M. piperita, C. atlantica and S. paniculatum fumigant effects to T. castaneum larva
            4.2.1.2. M. piperita, C. atlantica and S. paniculatum eggs hatching effects to T. castaneum
            4.2.1.3. C. camphora, P. nigrum and S. japonica effects on larvae and adult development of O.surinamensis
            4.2.1.4. M.haplocalyx and A.ascalonicum fumigation to S. zeamais adult and larvae
        4.2.2. Repellency
            4.2.2.1. H. hemsleyanum, M. haplocalyx and S.japonica repellency to T. castaneum
            4.2.2.2. M.piperita, C. atlantica and S. paniculatum repellency to T. castaneum
            4.2.2.3. C. camphora, P. nigrum and S. japonica repellency to O. surinamensis
            4.2.2.4. M. haplocalyx and A.ascalonicum repellency to S. zeamais adult and larvae
    4.3. Household pests
        4.3.1. Repellency
            4.3.1.1. Repellency to M. pharaonis
            4.3.1.2. Repellency to cockroaches
    4.4. Essential oil chemical constituents
5. CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
    5.1. Summary and Conclusion
    5.2. Future Prospects
References
Publications
Acknowledgements


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