新煙堿類殺蟲劑是20世紀(jì)80年代研發(fā)出來的一類氯化煙酰殺蟲劑,吡蟲啉是第一種商業(yè)化的新煙堿類殺蟲劑化合物（1991年）。作為是世界上使用最廣泛的殺蟲劑之一,新煙堿類殺蟲劑通過作用于突觸后膜上的煙堿乙酰膽堿受體（nAChR）來影響昆蟲中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中特定的神經(jīng)通路。獨特的作用方式使它們能夠有效地作用于刺吸式口器害蟲,如粉虱、螨類和蚜蟲。吡蟲啉和噻蟲啉在不同農(nóng)業(yè)種植系統(tǒng)中廣泛使用,在稻田中也是具有代表性且廣泛使用的新煙堿類殺蟲劑。白符跳蟲（Folsomia candida）是一種土壤棲息節(jié)肢動物,它通過促進(jìn)有機(jī)物分解和養(yǎng)分循環(huán),在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。它們是常見且廣泛存在于世界各地土壤中的節(jié)肢動物,棲息在肥沃的土壤和葉凋落物層中。在本研究中,我們檢測了吡蟲啉和噻蟲啉對白符跳蟲的急性和慢性毒性以及亞致死效應(yīng),包括對白符跳蟲的存活、繁殖、解毒酶活性和轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)水平的影響。實驗結(jié)果如下:1.吡蟲啉和噻蟲啉對白符跳蟲的急性毒性。使用9-12天齡期白符跳蟲幼蟲進(jìn)行兩種殺蟲劑的急性毒性測定。處理后14天記錄數(shù)據(jù)。這兩種農(nóng)藥對白符跳蟲都具有致死效應(yīng),吡蟲啉和噻蟲啉在土壤干重下對其的LC_50... 

【文章來源】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：126 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Pesticides in general
    1.2 Neonicotinoids
        1.2.1 Neonicotinoids status and use in the World
        1.2.2 Neonicotinoids status and use in China
    1.3 Action mode of Neonicotinoids
    1.4 Agricultural and economic benefits of neonicotinoids
    1.5 Effects of neonicotinoids on non-target arthropods(NTAs)
    1.6 Imidacloprid
    1.7 Thiacloprid
    1.8 Biology of Folsomia candida
    1.9 Toxicological,biochemical and molecular responses on F.candida:multi-biomarker approach
        1.9.1 Toxicological tests
        1.9.2 Biochemical biomarkers
        1.9.3 Molecular biomarkers
    1.10 Objectives of the study
2 CHAPTER II MATERIALS AND METHODS
    2.1 Test organism and soil spiking
        2.1.1 Test organism and rearing
        2.1.2 Synchronization
        2.1.3 Preparation of Soil and Determination of pH and WHC
        2.1.4 Soil spiking
        2.1.5 Test compounds and doses used
    2.2 Lethal toxicity test
    2.3 Chronic toxicity test
    2.4 Biochemical bioassays
        2.4.1 Preparation of culture media
        2.4.2 Chemicals
        2.4.3 Exposure to imidacloprid and thiacloprid
    2.5 Enzyme activity assay
        2.5.1 Cytochrome P450(CYP450)activity
        2.5.2 Carboxylesterases(CarEs)activity
        2.5.3 Glutathione S-transferase(GST)activity
    2.6 Transcriptome analysis under imidacloprid and thiacloprid stresses
        2.6.1 Identification and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)
        2.6.2 Transcriptome validation via qPCR
    2.7 Statistical analysis
3.CHAPTER III RESULTS
    3.1 Toxicological biomarker
        3.1.1 Test validation
        3.1.2 Lethal toxicity
        3.1.3 Chronic toxicity
    3.2 Effects of imidacloprid and thiacloprid on detoxified enzymes
        3.2.1 Cytochrome P450(CYP450)activity
        3.2.2.Carboxylesterases(CarEs)activity
        3.2.3 Glutathione S-transferase(GST)activity
    3.3 Transcriptome analysis
        3.3.1 Illumina sequencing and de novo assembly
        3.3.2 Functional annotation of Genes
        3.3.3 Annotation and Clustering Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes(DEGs)in imidacloprid
        3.3.4 Annotation and Clustering Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes(DEGs)for thiacloprid
        3.3.5 Validation of DEGs using qPCR
4 CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION
    4.1 Toxicity of imidacloprid and thiacloprid in soil treatment
    4.2 Effect of imidacloprid and thiacloprid on detoxified enzymes
    4.3 Identification of imidacloprid and thiacloprid detoxification-related genes
5 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
PUBLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]烯啶蟲胺在水稻和稻田環(huán)境中的殘留及消解動態(tài)[J]. 楊金川,胡德禹,張鈺萍,王卉,安鳳穎,張侃侃.  農(nóng)藥學(xué)學(xué)報. 2012(05)



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