扶桑綿粉蚧（Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley）,為半翅目、粉蚧科、綿粉蚧屬的一種多食性入侵害蟲,Tinsley 1898首次給予描述后迅速在美洲區(qū)域擴散,目前的分布已涉及全球至少24個國家和地區(qū)的農業(yè)生態(tài)區(qū)。已有記錄扶桑綿粉蚧能危害200多種植物,分屬于55科。在亞洲許多國家,包括巴基斯坦、印度和中國,已對棉花和花卉植物造成重大損失。同時,寄主作物范圍還在快速擴大。番茄已經變成其常規(guī)寄主。在番茄上,其若蟲和成蟲產生的蜜露比在棉花上還多,蜜露導致煙媒病,減少葉片的呼吸作用和光合作用,甚至導致全株枯死。該害蟲的生物學特性,尤其是在以棉花為寄主上的生物學特性,已有許多科學家給予研究報道,但有些結果是相互矛盾的,而且有些生物學特性以前還沒有進行過研究。因此,我用番茄作為寄主,開展了下列方面的研究:評估恒溫和變溫對其的影響,明確生殖屬性,評價延遲交配對繁殖參數的影響,調查二種新煙堿類藥劑（啶蟲脒和吡蟲啉）致死效應和亞致死劑量對抗氧化酶和取食行為的影響;我還對誘導熱激對其存活、抗氧化酶和取食行為的影響也進行了研究。取得了如下研究結果:在室內5個恒溫（20至35℃）和5個... 

【文章來源】：浙江大學浙江省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數】：145 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Abstract in Chinese
Chapter 1:Introduction and Review Literature
    1.1 Morphology
    1.2 Distribution
    1.3 Mode of damage and host range
    1.4 Yield losses
    1.5 Effect of temperature on the life cycle, reproduction, survival and sex ratio
        1.5.1 Effect of temperature on the development of P. solenopsis
        1.5.2 Effect of temperature on the reproduction
        1.5.3 Effect of temperature on survival
        1.5.4 Effect of temperature on the sex ratio
    1.6 Mating behaviour and delayed mating effect
    1.7 Effect of mating on longevity
    1.8 Management of P. solenopsis
        1.8.1 Principles of Pest Management
        1.8.2 Chemical Control of P. solenopsis
        1.8.3 Biological Control of Mealybugs
    1.9 Introduction and usage of Electrical Penetration Graph （EPG）
    1.10 Objectives
Chapter 2:Effect of Constant and Fluctuating Temperature on theDevelopment, Survival, Reproduction and Sex Ratio of Cottonmealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley （Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae）
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Material and method
        2.2.1 Host plant and insect source
        2.2.2 Development and reproduction under constant temperature
        2.2.3 Development and reproduction under fluctuating temperature
        2.2.4 Survival rate and sex ratio under constant and fluctuating temperature
    2.3 Statistical analysis
    2.4 Results
        2.4.1 Development and reproduction under constant temperature
        2.4.2 Development and reproduction under daily fluctuating temperature
        2.4.3 Effects of constant and fluctuating temperature on the survival rate andsex ratio
    2.5 Discussion
    2.6 Conclusion
Chapter 3:Reproductive Mode and Male Mating Characteristic of Phenacoccus solenopsis （Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae）
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and method
        3.2.1 Mealybug and host plant
        3.2.2 Female's reproduction mode
        3.2.3 Male's copulating capacity and influence of female's density
        3.2.4 Male's copulating capacity and influence of female age
        3.2.5 Influence of copulation on female's longevity
    3.3 Statistical analysis
    3.4 Results
        3.4.1 Reproductive mode
        3.4.2 Male's copulating capacity and influence of female's density
        3.4.3 Male's copulating capacity and influence of female'age
        3.4.4 Influence of copulation on female's longevity
    3.5 Discussion
        3.5.1 Mode of reproduction
        3.5.2 Effect of female density and age on male's mating capacity
        3.5.3 Effect of copulation on the female longevity
    3.6 Conclusion
Chapter 4:Effects of Delayed Mating on Male Mating Success and Female Reproductive Performance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley（Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae）
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Material and method
        4.2.1 Mealybugs and host plants
        4.2.2 Male-only delayed mating
        4.2.3 Female-only delayed mating
        4.2.4 Both sexes' delayed mating
    4.3 Statistical analysis
    4.4 Results
        4.4.1 Effects of male-only delayed mating
        4.4.2 Effects of female-only delayed mating
        4.4.3 Both sexes' delayed mating
    4.5 Discussion
        4.4.1 Effects of delay mating on male's mating success and longevity
        4.4.2 Effects of delayed mating on female reproduction and longevity
    4.6 Conclusion
Chapter 5:Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on the Adults of Phenacoccus solenopsis （Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae） onTomato Plants
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Materials and Methods
        5.2.1 Insects
        5.2.2 Insecticides
        5.2.3 Lethal Effects
        5.2.4 Sublethal Effects on Reproduction
        5.2.5 Sublethal Effects on Feeding Behavior
        5.2.6 Effect of insecticide on the enzymes
    5.3 Statistical Analysis
    5.4 Results
        5.4.1 Lethal Effects
        5.4.2 Sublethal Effects on Oviposition and Fecundity
        5.4.3 Sublethal Effects on Feeding Behaviour
        5.4.4 Effects on antioxidant enzyme activities
    5.5 Discussion
        5.5.1 Lethal effect
        5.5.2 Sublethal Effects on Oviposition and Fecundity
        5.5.3 Sublethal effects on feeding behavior
        5.5.4 Effect on antioxidant enzymes
    5.6 Conclusion
Chapter 6:Alteration of Feeding Preference and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley （Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae） in Response to Heat Shock
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Material and method
        6.2.1 Host plant and rearing of P. solenopsis
        6.2.2 Lethal effect of heat shock on mortality
        6.2.3 Sublethal effects on feeding behaviour
        6.2.4 Effects of heat shock intensity on antioxidant enzymes
        6.2.5 Statistical analysis
    6.3 Result
        6.3.1 Lethal effect of heat shock on mortality
        6.3.2 Sublethal effect on feeding behavior
        6.3.3 Effect of heat shock intensity on antioxidant enzyme activities
    6.4 Discussion
    6.5 Conclusion
Chapter 7:Summary and Prospect
    7.1 General Conclusion
    7.2 Prospect
References


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