本文選題：中國古代 + 民族關系��； 參考：《蘭州大學》2008年博士論文

【摘要】： 在我國乃至世界歷史上,以一些重要人物,如藩屬國國王、少數(shù)民族部落酋長等的子弟作為人質,是曾經存在過的、較為普遍的一種社會現(xiàn)象。這些被作為人質的人就是“質子”,或者又稱“侍子”。質子的存在不是偶然的,質子是一定社會階段政治、經濟、軍事、文化等因素綜合作用的產物。要想對質子有一個比較全面的認識,有必要對其內涵、類型,質子的起源、歷史發(fā)展過程及質子制度的形成、完善和在我國的發(fā)展演變,還有質子在我國民族關系史上的作用等問題進行比較系統(tǒng)的研究和探討。 本文主要研究存在于我國民族關系中的質子,具體而言,有以下幾個方面: 一是所有周邊少數(shù)民族給中原王朝所送質子。這些質子都是在民族關系的層面之上,既涉及到國與國之間的關系,又涉及到復雜的民族關系,是本文研究的重點。 二是存在于少數(shù)民族之間的質子。除了在中原王朝和少數(shù)民族之間存在著質子外,一些邊疆少數(shù)民族之間也存在著質子現(xiàn)象。這部分質子是少數(shù)民族在邊疆地區(qū)的相互爭奪中出現(xiàn)的,如強大的少數(shù)民族政權往往強迫眾多弱小的少數(shù)民族稱臣納質,這種情況在我國歷史的不少階段都曾出現(xiàn)過。還有局部地區(qū)少數(shù)民族政權在相互爭霸的過程中,勝利者也往往要求對方納子為質。以上情況多存在于中原王朝相對貧弱,影響力相對較小的時期,盡管這些質子不是向中原王朝納送的,但他們同樣是我國非常復雜的民族關系的重要組成部分,因而也不應被忽視。 一部分對內的質子,如中原王朝對周邊一些已納入了郡、縣體系的,由當?shù)厣贁?shù)民族首領管理的地方征取的質子。這些地方政權雖然在名義上已經隸屬于中央,但他們享有較大的自由權力,主要依靠當?shù)厣贁?shù)民族首領行使國家的統(tǒng)治權。這樣的地方隨時有可能從中央統(tǒng)治系統(tǒng)中游離出去,為了加強對他們的有效控制,中央往往要求當?shù)毓賳T以納子入侍的方式,與中央王朝之間保持一種經常性的聯(lián)系。還有一些特殊時期的對內質子與民族關系密不可分,因此也作為本文研究的對象。如魏晉南北朝時期的一些對內的質子、元代的質子、清代的質子。 本文將分制度篇、史實篇、作用篇,分別從不同的角度和層面入手來對質子進行較為全面的考察。 制度篇分三章分別敘述中國古代質子制度的初步形成和發(fā)展、質子制度的完善、質子制度的演變和衰落并最終退出歷史舞臺的過程。史實篇分為七章,從質子的起源和商周時期的質子開始,分別對兩漢質子、魏晉南北朝時期的質子、隋唐時期的宿衛(wèi)質子、遼宋夏金時期的質子、元代的質子、明清質子的史實,進行盡量詳確的介紹。作用篇分四章,分別論述質子與國家政治、質子與民族文化交流、質子與邊疆安全和質子與民族融合的密切關系和質子在以上諸方面發(fā)揮的獨特作用。
[Abstract]:In the history of our country and the world, taking the children of some important people, such as the kings of the subordinate states and the chiefs of the minority tribes as hostages, was once a social phenomenon. These hostages are known as protons, or sommeliers. The existence of proton is not accidental. Proton is the product of political, economic, military and cultural factors in a certain social stage. In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of proton, it is necessary to understand its connotation, type, proton origin, historical development process and the formation, perfection and evolution of proton system in China. The role of proton in the history of ethnic relations in China is systematically studied and discussed. This article mainly studies the proton which exists in the national relations of our country, specifically, has the following several aspects: First, all the surrounding minorities sent protons to the Central Plains Dynasty. These protons are all above the level of national relations, which not only involve the relations between countries, but also involve the complex national relations, which is the focus of this paper. The other is the proton that exists between the minorities. In addition to the proton between the Central Plains Dynasty and ethnic minorities, there are proton phenomena among some frontier ethnic minorities. This part of proton appeared in the struggle of ethnic minorities in the frontier areas, for example, the powerful minority regimes often forced many small minorities to call them "Shennari", which had occurred in many stages of our history. There are also local minority regimes in the process of competing for hegemony, the victors often ask each other to accept as a quality. Most of the above situations existed in the period of relatively weak and relatively small influence of the Central Plains Dynasty. Although these protons were not sent to the Central Plains Dynasty, they were also an important part of the very complex ethnic relations in our country. Therefore, it should not be ignored. Part of the protons inside, such as the Central Plains Dynasty on the surrounding areas have been incorporated into the county system, by the local minority leaders of the local collection of protons. Although these local governments are nominally subordinate to the central government, they enjoy greater freedom and rely mainly on the local minority leaders to exercise the ruling power of the country. In order to strengthen their effective control, the central government often requires local officials to maintain a regular relationship with the central dynasty in the form of admission. There are also some special periods of internal proton and ethnic relations are inseparable, so also as the object of this study. Such as the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, some of the protons in the Yuan Dynasty, the protons of the Qing Dynasty. In this paper, the proton is investigated from different angles and levels. The system is divided into three chapters to describe the initial formation and development of the proton system in ancient China, the perfection of the proton system, the evolution and decline of the proton system and the final withdrawal from the historical stage. The historical facts are divided into seven chapters, starting from the origin of protons and protons in Shang and Zhou dynasties, including the protons in Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, Sui and Tang dynasties, Liao, Song, Xia and Jin dynasties, and Yuan Dynasty, respectively. The historical facts of protons in Ming and Qing dynasties were introduced as much as possible. The role chapter is divided into four chapters, which respectively discuss the close relationship between proton and national politics, proton and national cultural exchange, proton and frontier security, proton and national fusion, and the unique role of proton in the above aspects.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K28

【引證文獻】

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2 何春明;唐朝四方館研究[D];中央民族大學;2011年

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1 殷亞波;春秋戰(zhàn)國時期的質子[D];蘭州大學;2011年

2 谷訓濤;論貢賜體系中的漠北回紇與唐朝關系（629-843）[D];云南民族大學;2011年

3 雒國盛;蒙元時期質子制度研究[D];西北師范大學;2010年

4 許鴻洋;兩周人質問題研究[D];西北大學;2010年

5 袁忠?guī)r;李t溲芯縖D];蘭州大學;2010年

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本文編號：1812559