本文關鍵詞：馴鹿鄂溫克人文化研究　出處：《中央民族大學》2004年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】： 馴鹿鄂溫克人是指居住在內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)呼倫貝爾市所轄根河市敖魯古雅鄂溫克民族鄉(xiāng)的鄂溫克人，史稱“使鹿部”，使用的語言是滿—通古斯語族鄂溫克語敖魯古雅方言，人口在2001年鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)計為232人，是我國鄂溫克族中的獨特群體。據(jù)史書記載，馴鹿鄂溫克人的祖先在公元前2000年就居住在外貝加爾湖和貝加爾湖東北部尼布楚河上游的溫多山林苔原高地。到了16世紀至17世紀中葉，他們追隨野生馴鹿至貝加爾湖西北列拿河支流威呂河和維提姆河一帶。到了18世紀，這部分馴鹿鄂溫克人又順著石勒喀河來到了額爾古納河右岸的大興安嶺。大興安嶺中富有的飛禽走獸以及水中的各種魚類，均成為他們的衣食之源。在這高山密林、山清水秀的特殊地理環(huán)境和自然條件下，他們過著以飼養(yǎng)馴鹿和狩獵生產(chǎn)為中心的林中生活。在漫長的歷史進程中，馴鹿鄂溫克人創(chuàng)造并發(fā)展了具有濃厚民族特點的馴鹿文化、狩獵文化、樺樹皮文化、獸皮文化、熊文化、薩滿教文化等。 由于馴鹿鄂溫克人世代追隨野生馴鹿生活在茂密的古老山林中，從未離開過山林，與外界很少接觸，因而較完整地保存著極其古老的生產(chǎn)方式和生活內(nèi)容，充分地展示著北方山林民族古樸、純真、與自然合為一體的思維規(guī)則和文化內(nèi)涵，富有一定的代表性，是從事北方諸民族社會、歷史、文化發(fā)展演變研究的不可缺少的內(nèi)容之一。 然而，隨著馴鹿鄂溫克人下山定居和與現(xiàn)代社會的廣泛接觸，傳統(tǒng)文化正在迅速消失。對于馴鹿鄂溫克人來講，傳統(tǒng)文化實際上代表的是一種生存方式和手段，也是一種生存理念和生存哲學。人口極其稀少的馴鹿鄂溫克人之所以千百年來一直生活在高寒山林地帶而沒有滅絕，也沒有對其生態(tài)環(huán)境造成絲毫破壞，是因為他們有適應山林生活、遷徙不定的一套生存本領和技能，也就是有克服他們所面臨的一切困難的特有生存方式以及與此密切相關的文化特征和思維規(guī)則，而這正是他們能夠順應客觀條件的產(chǎn)物，是保證其生存發(fā)展的基礎。正因為如此，伴隨著這一用生命傳承下來的古老文化在現(xiàn)代文明社會中的急劇喪失，必然會使對于定居生產(chǎn)生活還未適應的馴鹿鄂溫克人的思想意識產(chǎn)生出種種困惑和矛盾，甚至會危及他們的生存。因此，對馴鹿鄂溫克人的文化進行搶救和保護以及深入細致地進行調(diào)查研究，不僅是十分必要的，而且也是十分緊迫的工作。該論文通過對馴鹿鄂溫克人文化之研究，試圖解決這一獨特群體的傳統(tǒng)文化與現(xiàn)代文化的互動關系，以探求在新時期保存和發(fā)揚優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的新途徑。 該論文以大量文獻資料以及本人田野調(diào)查的豐富的第一手資料為依據(jù)，分成以下四個部分具體分析和討論馴鹿鄂溫克人的傳統(tǒng)文化：第一章緒論部分從文化人類學的視角對馴鹿鄂溫克人文化的研究方法和理論進行科學闡述，同時概述了國內(nèi)外對馴鹿鄂溫克人的研究狀況，指出了對馴鹿鄂溫克人傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)生活開展學術研究的緊迫性、現(xiàn)實性以及重要性，進而闡明了對馴鹿鄂溫克人優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化研究的學術價值和理論意義。第二章通過對馴鹿鄂溫克人的狩獵文化、馴鹿文化、樺樹皮文化、獸皮文化、飲食文化、居住文化的結構、功能、特點的分析論述，闡明了他們具有濃厚山林民族色彩的物質文化。第三章從語言、婚姻文化、喪葬文化、口頭文學與藝術以及他們的動植物崇拜直至薩滿教的結構、功能、特點等對馴鹿鄂溫克人帶有濃厚民族特點的精神文化進行了分析和論述。最后在結語部 分中，對馴鹿鄂溫克人的文化特點進行了概括性論述，并闡明了保存和發(fā)揚馴鹿 鄂溫克人優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的重要性以及具體措施，，同時提出把馴鹿鄂溫克人千百年 來用生命傳承下來的、有著重要研究價值的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化應作為民族地區(qū)的特色 文化加以重視和保護，并發(fā)揚光大。 論文以馬克思主義的辯證唯物主義、歷史唯物主義和民族問題理論作為指導 原則，運用古代文獻資料、民族學調(diào)查資料以及考古學、語言學、人類學、生態(tài) 學、歷史學、民俗學等相關學科的資料，采用綜合研究和實地調(diào)查的方法，對我 國馴鹿鄂溫克人的文化進行全面而系統(tǒng)的研究。廣泛運用實地調(diào)查的豐富的第一 手資料是該論文的一大特色。該論文的立腳點、中心點以及論述的目的均在于客 觀、實在、科學地解決和論證馴鹿鄂溫克人古老而文明、純樸而傳統(tǒng)的文化的獨 特性和豐富內(nèi)涵。該論文通過詳細論述和理論分析，力求使人們能夠深入了解和 認識我國馴鹿鄂溫克人傳統(tǒng)文化的內(nèi)在活力，從而為保存和弘揚這一古老而傳統(tǒng) 的民族文化進行切實有效的工作，使馴鹿鄂溫克人在我國社會發(fā)展進程中充分發(fā) 揮其應有的作用。全文約十六萬字。
[Abstract]:Reindeer Ewenki people are those who live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hulun Buir city under the jurisdiction of Genhe City olguya Ewenki nationality township of the Ewenki people, known as "deer", the use of the language is Manchu - Tungusic group of Aoluguya Ewenki dialect, Xiang statistics for the population in 2001 232, is a unique group of our country in the according to historical records, many high temperature forest tundra Reindeer Ewenki ancestors in the 2000 BC living in Lake Baikal and Lake Baikal in the north-east nercha River upstream. By sixteenth Century to mid seventeenth Century, they caught up with the northwest wild reindeer to Lake Baikal with Wei Lu column River tributary river and the Tim River - eighteenth Century. In this part, reindeer and Shilka came to Eergu'Na along the right bank of the river Greater Khingan Range. Greater Khingan Range in the rich water and various fish birds and animals, They have become the source of food and clothing. In the mountain forests, special geographical environment and natural conditions of the picturesque scenery, they lived a life with reindeer herding and hunting production as the center of the forest. In the long historical process, Reindeer Ewenki people created and developed with a strong ethnic characteristics of the reindeer culture, hunting culture the birch bark culture, culture, animal skins, bear culture, shamanistic culture.
The Reindeer Ewenki people follow generations living in the ancient wild reindeer in the wooded mountain, never left the forest, had little contact with the outside world, and thus more intact production of extremely old and living content, fully showing the North Mountain National Ancient, pure and natural, as one of the rules of thinking and cultural connotation. A representative, is engaged in the nation in northern society, history, cultural development is one of the indispensable study on the evolution of the content.
However, with the widespread contact of Reindeer Ewenki people settle down and modern society, the traditional culture is disappearing fast. For them, the traditional culture actually represents a kind of life style and means, is also a kind of survival philosophy and philosophy of survival. The extremely rare population of Reindeer Ewenki people for thousands of years has been living in the alpine mountain area and no extinction, nor on the ecological environment caused by any damage, because they have to adapt to the forest life, not a migration of survival ability and skills, is a unique way of life to overcome all the difficulties they face, and this is closely related to the cultural characteristics and the rule of thinking, and this it is a product they can conform to the objective conditions, is the foundation to ensure its survival and development. Because of this, along with the life of inherited ancient literature In the modern civilized society has lost, will make the production of settled life has not adapt to the ideology of Reindeer Ewenki people produce confusion and contradictions, and even endanger their survival. Therefore, the Reindeer Ewenki culture and rescue and protection of a thorough investigation and study, not only is very necessary, but also very urgent. This paper through the study of Ewenki culture, trying to solve the interaction of a unique group of traditional culture and modern culture in the new period, in order to explore new ways to preserve and carry forward the excellent traditional culture.
This thesis takes a large number of documents and field investigation rich first-hand information as the basis, divided into the following four parts detailed analysis and discussion of Reindeer Ewenki traditional culture: the first chapter from the perspective of cultural anthropology of Ewenki culture research methods and theory of scientific explanation, and summarizes the research status the Reindeer Ewenki people at home and abroad, points out the urgency to carry out academic research on the Ewenki traditional production life, reality and importance, and illustrates the research of Reindeer Ewenki excellent traditional culture of the academic value and theoretical significance. The second chapter focuses on the Reindeer Ewenki hunting culture, reindeer culture, birch bark culture, animal skins culture, food culture, living culture structure, function, characteristics analysis, illustrates their strong national colors of the mountains The material culture. The third chapter from the language, marriage culture, funeral culture, oral literature and art and dynamic structure, until their plant worship of Shamanism, with strong national characteristics characteristics of Reindeer Ewenki people's spiritual and cultural are analyzed and discussed in the concluding part.
Divided, cultural characteristics of the Reindeer Ewenki people are summarized, and expounds the preservation and promotion of reindeer
The importance of the excellent traditional culture of Ewenki people and the specific measures, and at the same time the reindeer for thousands of years
The outstanding traditional culture, which has the important research value, should be the characteristic of the ethnic region.
Culture attaches great importance to and protects.
The thesis is guided by the dialectical materialism of Marx, the historical materialism and the theory of national problems.
Principles, the use of ancient literature, ethnological survey data and archaeology, linguistics, anthropology, and ecology
Study, history, folklore and other related subjects, using comprehensive research and field investigation method, to me
The Reindeer Ewenki people culture comprehensively and systematically. Widely used field survey of the rich first
Hand is a major feature of the paper. The paper discusses the center point and foothold, the purpose lies in the guest
View, really, scientific solution and demonstration of Reindeer Ewenki ancient civilization, simple and traditional culture alone
Characteristics and rich connotation. Through detailed and theoretical analysis, the paper tries to make people understand and understand deeply.
The internal vitality of understanding of China's traditional culture of Reindeer Ewenki people, so as to preserve and develop the old and traditional
The effective work of the national culture, the reindeer fully in our country in the process of social development
The full text of the full text is about sixteen thousand words.

【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：C955

【引證文獻】

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