本文關鍵詞：民族聚居區(qū)生態(tài)景觀，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

瀾滄江流域民族聚居區(qū)生態(tài)景觀及生態(tài)文化的作用初探

The Role of Ecological Culture in Retaining Ecological Landscape Characteristics Along the Lancang River

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

XU Zengrang, CHENG Shengkui, ZOU Xiuping, LU Chunxia, GAO Liwei （1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101

[1]中國科學院地理科學與資源研究所,北京100101; [2]中國科學院科技政策與管理科學研究所,北京100190

文章摘要：瀾滄江流域民族眾多，民族生態(tài)文化絢爛多姿，同時生態(tài)脆弱，研究其生態(tài)景觀與生態(tài)文化的關系對于科學認識人地關系、充分發(fā)揮民族生態(tài)文化的作用具有重要意義。本研究在瀾滄江流域選取藏、傈僳、白和傣等4個少數(shù)民族聚居區(qū)，，利用民族分布和2000年1：10萬土地利用數(shù)據(jù)，從景觀多樣性、景觀優(yōu)勢度、景觀破碎性等方面分析不同民族生態(tài)景觀特征；利用1980—2005年1：25萬土地覆被數(shù)據(jù)，分析各民族生態(tài)景觀動態(tài)變化，并就生態(tài)文化對生態(tài)景觀的作用做了初步探討。結(jié)果表明：①瀾滄江流域不同民族的生態(tài)景觀具有明顯差異。上游的藏族以草地景觀為主、草地放牧業(yè)為主要生計方式。中游的傈僳族林地優(yōu)勢度大，農(nóng)林牧兼營、以山地旱作農(nóng)業(yè)為主。而下游的白族和傣族以農(nóng)田景觀為主，水田稻作發(fā)達；②瀾滄江流域的民族生態(tài)文化通過其特定的生態(tài)觀、生產(chǎn)生活方式、鄉(xiāng)土生態(tài)保護機制等對生態(tài)保護產(chǎn)生了重要作用；③近幾十年來，除產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、城鎮(zhèn)化對生態(tài)景觀產(chǎn)生了明顯壓力外，民族傳統(tǒng)文化日漸淡薄也在一定程度上削弱了其對生態(tài)景觀的保護作用。今后，要將民族生態(tài)文化的傳承創(chuàng)新置于關乎民族聚居區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的高度予以扶持。

Abstr：To integrate traditional ecological knowledge of ethnic minorities into the natural reserve system, we analyzed the ecological landscape characters of the Tibetan, Lisu, Bai and Dai ethnic groups using land use data and group distribution. The ecological landscape characteristics included landscape type, landscape structure, landscape diversity, landscape dominance, landscape fragment, patch scale and fractal dimension. For the Tibetan group located in the upper reaches of the Lancang River, grassland is the dominant landscape, cropland accounts for 0.6% of total land, and the main economic activity is seasonal grazing. For Lisu people, located in the middle reaches of the Lancang River, grassland is also the landscape matrix, farmland accounts for 8.2% of total land, and crops, forestry and husbandry are developed evenly. For the Bai and Dai groups, located in the lower Lancang River, agriculture is developed and cropland accounts for 13%-15% of total land; paddy fields comprise 3%-5% of their land. There is an important role that the eco-cultures play in retain the eco-landscape via the specific ethnic ecological consciousness, livelihood and local traditional ecological knowledgement. In the last decades, the ecosystem degradation was accompanied with the depression of the ethnic eco-culture in some degree. The ethnic eco-culture development should be prioritized to push the ecological sustainable development in the ethnic area in Lancang River in future.

文章關鍵詞：

Keyword：:land cover ecological landscape ethnoecology ethnic minorities Lancang River Basin

課題項目：科技部基礎性工作專項：“瀾滄江中下游與大香格里拉地區(qū)綜合科學考察”（編號：2008FY110300）;中國科學院戰(zhàn)略性先導科技專項（B類）：“現(xiàn)代高原地表圈層相互作用”（編號：XDB03030000）;中國科學院重點項目：“周邊國家及全球資源環(huán)境科學數(shù)據(jù)庫建設與決策支持研究”（編號：KZZD-EW-08）.

  本文關鍵詞：民族聚居區(qū)生態(tài)景觀，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。