研究背景和目的:腎癌是一種具有侵襲性和化療耐藥性的惡性腫瘤,約占成人所有腫瘤的3%。腎透明細(xì)胞癌是腎細(xì)胞癌最常見的類型。約有25%的腎細(xì)胞癌患者在確診時為腫瘤進(jìn)展期,并且伴有轉(zhuǎn)移的腎細(xì)胞癌患者的預(yù)后尤其差,生存中值僅為13個月。腎透明細(xì)胞癌的臨床表現(xiàn)變化很大,從緩慢生長的局限性腫塊發(fā)展到侵襲性轉(zhuǎn)移性腫瘤。腎切除術(shù)合并術(shù)后放化療是對腎透明細(xì)胞癌局限性腫塊唯一合適的治療方法。隨著我們對腎透明細(xì)胞癌遺傳因素認(rèn)識的增加,對腎透明細(xì)胞癌的治療已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟[瘤的靶向識別和治療的改進(jìn)。對VEGF和m TOR的理解是腎透明細(xì)胞癌生物學(xué)的核心,實現(xiàn)了多種抗血管生成藥物（舒尼替尼,索拉非尼,帕唑帕尼,依維莫司和貝伐單抗加干擾素-α）在腎透明細(xì)胞癌治療方面的使用。此外,在預(yù)后方面,I期腎透明細(xì)胞癌患者的預(yù)后最好,5年生存率約為80-95%[35]。隨著級別的增高,生存率逐漸減低,II期患者的生存率低于80%,III期患者的生存率低于60%。即使進(jìn)行針對性治療來抑制腫瘤的進(jìn)展,IV期患者的生存率也僅有兩年多[36]。大多數(shù)腎腫瘤是因其他原因進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)影像檢查而偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的[37]。評估腎臟腫塊的最常用影像技術(shù)是超聲... 

【文章來源】：大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)遼寧省

【文章頁數(shù)】：56 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgement
English Abstract
Chinese Abstract
1 Introduction
    1.1 Renal cell carcinoma
    1.2 Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)
    1.3 Imagining and Fuhrman nuclear grading system
    1.4 Spectral CT (Single-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography)
2.
    2.1 Research Question
    2.2 Aim of The Study
    2.3 Research Hypothesis
3 Materials and methods
    3.1 Study design and setting
    3.2 Patients
    3.3 Inclusion and exclusion criteria
    3.4 Data Collection
    3.5 Spectral Computed Tomography Protocols
    3.6 Image Analysis and Measurements
    3.7 Statistical analysis
4 Results
    4.1 Patients characteristics
    4.2 Histogram measurements
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
Literature Review
    1 Introduction
        1.1 Clean Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC)
        1.2 Genetics
    2 Anatomy and Definitions
        2.1 The kidney
        2.2 The nephron
    3 Tumor
        3.1 Staging and grading
        3.2 Incidence and prognosis
        3.3 Size of the Tumor
    4 Imaging
        4.1 Duel-Energy Computed Tomography
        4.2 Spectral Computed Tomography
References



本文編號：3514960