【摘要】：[目的]描述乳腺癌患者配偶的照顧負(fù)擔(dān)水平和社會(huì)支持現(xiàn)狀,探討照顧負(fù)擔(dān)與社會(huì)支持之間的相關(guān)性,分析照顧負(fù)擔(dān)和社會(huì)支持的影響因素,了解乳腺癌患者配偶的社會(huì)支持需求,為提高其社會(huì)支持水平,降低照顧負(fù)擔(dān)提供參考依據(jù)。[方法]本研究為橫斷面調(diào)查研究設(shè)計(jì),采用便利抽樣方法,對(duì)160名云南省腫瘤醫(yī)院住院乳腺癌患者及其配偶進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。采用自制的一般資料調(diào)查表(人口學(xué)信息、疾病相關(guān)信息、配偶照顧情況)、Zarit負(fù)擔(dān)量表、肖水源社會(huì)支持評(píng)定量表,焦慮自評(píng)量表(SAS)、抑郁自評(píng)量表(SDS)進(jìn)行調(diào)查。用Epidata3.1建立數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。[結(jié)果]1.一般資料調(diào)查表顯示:160例患者年齡范圍為27-69歲,平均年齡47.24±8.86歲;疾病分期以Ⅰ(45.6%)期和Ⅱ(40.6%)期為主,58.7%的患者確診時(shí)間少于5個(gè)月,57.5%的患者住院次數(shù)在5次以內(nèi);23.8%和13.2%的患者分別患有不同程度的焦慮和抑郁。乳癌患者配偶的年齡范圍為26-75歲,平均年齡48.69±9.27歲;受教育程度多為初中及以上(78.8%);有42.5%的配偶居住在農(nóng)村;56.9%的家庭人均月收入在1000元以上;有10.0%的配偶自述有慢性疾病;14.4%的配偶在最近三個(gè)月內(nèi)經(jīng)歷過(guò)重大生活應(yīng)激事件。2.照顧經(jīng)歷:住院期間,配偶的照顧以全天陪護(hù)為主(86.9%),出院后照顧時(shí)間以3-4小時(shí)為主(56.9%);大多配偶在照顧患者時(shí)有其他家人協(xié)助照顧(63.1%);絕大多數(shù)配偶自述是自己心甘情愿來(lái)照顧患者的(93.8%)。3.Zarit照顧負(fù)擔(dān)量表調(diào)查顯示:配偶照顧負(fù)擔(dān)得分為20.20±10.97,總體處于輕度負(fù)擔(dān)水平,其中個(gè)人負(fù)擔(dān)得分為11.64±6.46,責(zé)任負(fù)擔(dān)得分為4.61±3.42。4.社會(huì)支持量表調(diào)查顯示:配偶的社會(huì)支持總分為40.58±9.05,總體處于中等水平,其中客觀支持得分為9.69±3.41,主觀支持得分為24.01±5.43,支持利用度得分為6.88±2.36。5.照顧負(fù)擔(dān)與社會(huì)支持相關(guān)性分析:Spearman相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示照顧負(fù)擔(dān)與社會(huì)支持總分及其各維度之間未發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)。6.照顧負(fù)擔(dān)和社會(huì)支持影響因素分析:照顧負(fù)擔(dān)單因素分析顯示,不同年齡組、居住地、家庭人均月收入、照顧他人、重大應(yīng)激事件、配偶對(duì)乳腺癌的認(rèn)知、社會(huì)支持以及患者醫(yī)保類型、病程對(duì)照顧負(fù)擔(dān)總得分差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p0.1);多因素分析顯示年齡、患者醫(yī)保類型和病程對(duì)照顧負(fù)擔(dān)總分有影響。進(jìn)一步分析提示,配偶年齡越大其照顧負(fù)擔(dān)越小,有醫(yī)保的患者其配偶的照顧負(fù)擔(dān)高于自費(fèi)患者配偶的照顧負(fù)擔(dān),患者病程越長(zhǎng)其配偶的照顧負(fù)擔(dān)越重。社會(huì)支持影響因素的單因素分析顯示,不同受教育程度、職業(yè)、居住地、人均月收入、協(xié)助照顧、參加乳腺癌講座以及患者的醫(yī)保類型對(duì)社會(huì)支持總得分差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p0.05);多因素分析顯示受教育程度、協(xié)助照顧、和是否參加乳腺癌講座對(duì)社會(huì)支持得分有影響。受教育程度高、有協(xié)助照顧者、參加過(guò)乳腺癌講座的配偶其社會(huì)支持水平較高。7.社會(huì)支持需求調(diào)查顯示:在4類社會(huì)支持需求中,配偶對(duì)疾病知識(shí)和照顧技能的需求最高。[結(jié)論]1.乳腺癌患者配偶的照顧負(fù)擔(dān)總體處于低水平,配偶的年齡、患者醫(yī)療支付方式和病程對(duì)照顧負(fù)擔(dān)有影響。2.乳腺癌患者配偶的社會(huì)支持總體處于中等水平。社會(huì)支持各維度中,配偶的主觀支持處于較高水平,社會(huì)支持利用度一般,而客觀支持處于較低水平。受教育程度高、有協(xié)助照顧者、參加過(guò)乳腺癌講座的配偶社會(huì)支持水平較高。3.Spearman相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示:配偶的照顧負(fù)擔(dān)與社會(huì)支持之間未發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)聯(lián)。4.配偶對(duì)社會(huì)支持的需求依次為知識(shí)和照顧技能需求、心理需求、社會(huì)交往需求和經(jīng)濟(jì)需求。
[Abstract]:[Objective] To describe the level of care burden and social support of the spouses in breast cancer patients, to explore the correlation between care burden and social support, to analyze the influencing factors of care burden and social support, and to understand the social support demand of the spouses of breast cancer patients. in ord to improve its social support level and to reduce that burden of care.[Methods] This study was a cross-sectional investigation and design, and a questionnaire was conducted on 160 patients with breast cancer and their spouses in 160 Yunnan Cancer Hospital by means of a convenient sampling method. The self-made general data questionnaire (demographic information, disease-related information, spouse care situation), the Zareit burden scale, the water source social support rating scale, the anxiety self-rating scale (SAS) and the self-rating scale (SDS) were investigated. The database and the SPSS17.0 statistical software were used to make a statistical analysis of the data.[Results] 1. The general data questionnaire showed that the age range of 160 patients was 27-69 years, the average age was 47. 24 and the age of 8. 86 years; the stage of the disease was mainly in the period of 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2345269