發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-02 08:51

  本文選題：大同礦區(qū) + 急診病人��； 參考：《山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:分析大同礦區(qū)急診病人疾病譜特征,為急診科物資準(zhǔn)備、設(shè)備及人員管理及礦區(qū)人員組織管理提供依據(jù)。方法:選取2013年至2015年3年間急診就診、處置,轉(zhuǎn)歸登記的全部資料57467份,進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,內(nèi)容包括:年齡、性別、疾病類型、疾病的原因、疾病構(gòu)成、就診時(shí)間及與年齡的相關(guān)性,將數(shù)據(jù)輸入到計(jì)算機(jī)中,采用SPSS18.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,分析大同礦區(qū)急診患者疾病病譜的變化情況。結(jié)果:3年期間共收治急診病人57467例。其中,2013年共診治17413例,占30.30%,2014年共診治18551例,占32.28%,2015年共診治21503例,占37.40%;男性41290例,占71.85%;女性16177例,占28.15%。急診患者分布于各個(gè)年齡段,除76-80歲年齡組,其它各年齡組男性患者均多于女性患者;從發(fā)病年齡來(lái)看:16-60歲年齡段急診患者較多,占81.96%;57467例急診患者中,煤礦工人有20935例,其中男性18516例,占88.45%,女性2419例,占11.55%。57467例急診患者中,排在前三位的疾病分別為:呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病、創(chuàng)傷性疾病和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病,分別占:26.54%、17.36%和16.49%;其中有9976例外傷患者,排前三位的外傷類型為車禍外傷、井下工作傷和打架斗毆傷,分別占;46.20%、32.23%和14.04%。急診的20935例煤礦工人中有3215例為外傷患者,外傷部位數(shù)排在前三位的分別為:四肢、顱腦外傷及頜面部以及胸部,分別占:34.56%、31.57%及19.04%。急診患者就診時(shí)間段主要集中在18-22時(shí),其中,18-20時(shí)9992例,占17.39%;20-22時(shí)8390例,占14.60%。呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)病主要集中在41-60歲,神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)病主要在46-60歲,創(chuàng)傷性疾病發(fā)病主要在26-50歲,不同疾病發(fā)病年齡段差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=9620.62,P0.001)。結(jié)論:(1)大同礦區(qū)急診病人發(fā)病年齡主要集中在16-60歲,且疾病主要以呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病、創(chuàng)傷性疾病和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病為主。呼吸系統(tǒng)及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)病年齡集中在40-60歲,年齡越大,發(fā)病率越高�；颊呔驮\集中在18-22時(shí)。(2)應(yīng)根據(jù)急診患者的疾病譜確定急診科技術(shù)建設(shè)的重點(diǎn)和人才培養(yǎng)方向,提高急診患者診治水平,并且在疾病高峰來(lái)到之前做好相應(yīng)的搶救準(zhǔn)備,降低臨床病死率和致殘率,提高搶救成功率。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the characteristics of the disease spectrum of emergency patients in Datong mining area, and to provide the basis for the preparation of materials, equipment and personnel management in emergency department and the organization and management of personnel in mining area. Methods: from 2013 to 2015, 57467 data of emergency treatment, treatment and registration were collected and analyzed, including age, sex, type of disease, cause of disease, constitution of disease, and so on. The time of seeing a doctor and its correlation with age were input into the computer and the data were processed statistically by SPSS18.0 to analyze the change of disease spectrum of emergency patients in Datong mining area. Results: 57467 emergency patients were treated in 3 years. Among them, 17413 cases (30.30%) were diagnosed and treated in 2013, 18551 cases (32.28%) were diagnosed and treated in 2014, 21503 cases (37.40%) were diagnosed and treated in 2015, 41290 cases were males (71.85%) and 16177 cases were females (28.15%). Emergency patients were distributed in all age groups, except for the 76-80 age group, male patients were more than female patients in all age groups. From the age of onset, there were more emergency patients aged 16 to 60, accounting for 81.96% of 57467 emergency patients, of which 20935 were coal miners. Among them, 18516 males (88.45%) and 2419 females (11.55.57467 cases) were the first three diseases in the emergency department: respiratory diseases, traumatic diseases and nervous system diseases, accounting for 17.36% and 16.49%, respectively, of which 9976 patients were injured. The first three types of injuries were traffic accidents, underground work injuries and fighting injuries, which accounted for 32.23% and 14.04%, respectively. Of the 20935 coal miners in the emergency department, 3215 were trauma patients, and the first three trauma sites were: limbs, craniocerebral trauma, maxillofacial region and chest, accounting for 31.57% and 19.04% respectively. The time period of emergency treatment was mainly 18-22 hours, of which 9992 cases were at 18-20 hours, accounting for 17.3939 / 22 (8390 cases), accounting for 14.60% (P < 0.05). Respiratory diseases mainly occurred in 41-60 years old, nervous system diseases mainly occurred in 46-60 years old, traumatic diseases mainly occurred in 26-50 years old. Conclusion the age of emergency patients in Datong mining area is mainly 16-60 years old, and the main diseases are respiratory diseases, traumatic diseases and nervous system diseases. The onset age of respiratory and nervous system diseases is 40-60 years old. The older the disease is, the higher the incidence is. According to the disease spectrum of emergency patients, we should determine the key points of the construction of emergency department technology and the direction of personnel training, improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of emergency patients, and make corresponding rescue preparations before the peak of the disease. Reduce the clinical mortality and disability rate, improve the success rate of rescue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R459.7

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