本文關(guān)鍵詞： 艾滋病病毒感染者 姑息關(guān)懷 問題 需求　出處：《北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：研究背景:診斷初期HIV感染者的軀體功能、心理健康、社會功能和人際關(guān)系嚴(yán)重受損,為診斷初期HIV感染者提供姑息關(guān)懷是有效的關(guān)懷方式。我國診斷初期HIV感染者的姑息關(guān)懷需求尚待明確。研究目的:(1)修訂“HIV感染者姑息關(guān)懷問題與需求問卷”,并檢驗其信度、效度。(2)描述我國診斷初期HIV感染者姑息關(guān)懷存在的問題與需求。研究方法:本研究為描述性研究。(1)在PNPC-sv問卷的基礎(chǔ)上,針對HIV感染者的特征,對問卷進行內(nèi)容及文化調(diào)試,經(jīng)過4位專家對問卷內(nèi)容及條目確認(rèn)形成問卷初稿。邀請5位從事艾滋病、流行病學(xué)及護理專家對問卷進行效度檢測,之后抽取111名佑安醫(yī)院HIV感染者進行信度檢測。(2)采用便利抽樣的方法,抽取2016年8月至2017年4月于北京佑安醫(yī)院、北京地壇醫(yī)院就診的190名診斷初期HIV感染者,采用研究者自行設(shè)計的一般資料和疾病資料調(diào)查表、“HIV感染者姑息關(guān)懷問題與需求問卷”對其目前存在問題及需求進行問卷調(diào)查。(3)采用目的抽樣的方法,抽取2017年3月至2017年4月于北京佑安醫(yī)院就診的12名診斷初期HIV感染者進行訪談,采用Colaizzi的現(xiàn)象學(xué)資料分析方法進行分析。研究結(jié)果:(1)“HIV感染者姑息關(guān)懷問題與需求問卷”的內(nèi)容效度指數(shù)為0.964,條目內(nèi)容效度指數(shù)為0.8～1.0;問卷中“存在問題”部分的Cronbach'α系數(shù)為0.956,各維度介于0.756～0.888之間,“需求”部分Cronbach'α系數(shù)為0.965,各維度介于0.851～0.906之間。探索性因子分析共提取出6個公因子,累計方差貢獻率為75.4%,各條目的因子負荷介于0.504～0.879之間。(2)診斷初期HIV感染者姑息關(guān)懷中存在的問題與需求整體得分較低,存在問題的平均得分是(14.73±13.55)分,需求的平均得分是(14.55±15.18)分。心理問題和經(jīng)濟問題維度存在問題得分與需求得分相對較高。(3)采用Colaizzi的現(xiàn)象學(xué)資料分析方法對資料進行分析,最終提煉出5個主題:心理關(guān)懷需求、精神關(guān)懷需求、社會交往需求、消除歧視的需求和治療相關(guān)需求。研究結(jié)論:“HIV感染者姑息關(guān)懷問題與需求問卷”具有較好的內(nèi)容效度、結(jié)構(gòu)效度和內(nèi)部一致性。診斷初期HIV感染者姑息關(guān)懷問題與需求的整體水平較低,但在心理和經(jīng)濟方面存在較多問題和較高的需求,有必要得到醫(yī)護人員的關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:Background: the body function, mental health, social function and interpersonal relationship of HIV infected patients were seriously damaged in the early diagnosis. Palliative care is an effective way to provide palliative care for early HIV patients. The need for palliative care for early HIV patients in China remains to be clarified. Objective: 1) to revise the questionnaire on the problems and needs of palliative Care in patients with HIV infection, and to test its reliability. The validity of this study is to describe the problems and needs of palliative care for patients with HIV infection at the early stage of diagnosis in China. Methods: this study is a descriptive study. Based on the PNPC-sv questionnaire, the content and culture of the questionnaire were adjusted according to the characteristics of HIV infected persons. Four experts confirmed the contents and items of the questionnaire to form a preliminary draft of the questionnaire. Five experts were invited to work on AIDS, epidemiology and nursing to test the validity of the questionnaire. From August 2016 to April 2017, 190 patients with HIV infected in Beijing Youan Hospital and The Temple of Earth Hospital in Beijing were selected for reliability test. By using the questionnaire of general information and disease information designed by the researcher, and the questionnaire on the problems and needs of patients with HIV infected by palliative care, the purpose sampling method was used to survey their existing problems and needs. From March 2017 to April 2017, 12 patients with HIV infection who were admitted to Beijing Youan Hospital were interviewed. Colaizzi's phenomenological data analysis method was used. The results of the study were as follows: 1) the content validity index and item validity index of the questionnaire for HIV infected people with palliative care and needs were 0.964 and 0.81.0, respectively, and Cronbach'a of the "problematic" part of the questionnaire. The coefficient is 0.956, each dimension is between 0.756 and 0.888, the Cronbach's 偽 coefficient of "demand" part is 0.965, and each dimension is between 0.851and 0.906. Six common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis. The contribution rate of cumulative variance is 75.4, and the load of each objective factor is between 0.504 and 0.879.) the overall score of problems and needs in palliative care of HIV infected persons at the early stage of diagnosis is lower, and the average score of existing problems is 14.73 鹵13.55. The average score of demand is 14.55 鹵15.18. The scores of problem and demand in the dimension of psychological and economic problems are relatively high. Mental care needs, social interaction needs, the need to eliminate discrimination and treatment related needs. The conclusion of the study: "HIV infected with palliative care issues and needs questionnaire" has a good content validity, The overall level of palliative care and demand of HIV infected patients is low, but there are many problems and higher demands in psychological and economic aspects, so it is necessary to get the attention of medical staff.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R473.5

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