【摘要】：農村水資源保護區(qū)劃是在我國農村地區(qū)水質變差,水資源遭受破壞的情況下,基于農村水資源保護共性技術提出的。隨著我國點源污染逐漸得到控制,非點源污染逐漸成為地表水污染的主要原因,目前我國地表水環(huán)境非點源污染問題已十分嚴重,而其主要污染來源于農業(yè)化肥、畜禽養(yǎng)殖、農村生活等農業(yè)非點源排放的氮、磷物質,導致我國很多水體面臨富營養(yǎng)化等環(huán)境問題。由于受地形條件、氣候狀況、水文條件、植被覆蓋、土地利用等多種因素的影響,農業(yè)非點源污染呈現(xiàn)明顯的空間不平衡性,且污染負荷空間差異性較大,從而導致各地區(qū)面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)和需要優(yōu)先解決的問題有所不同。因此,在進行農村水資源保護前需首先識別污染類型,并判別其污染高負荷區(qū),從而可以提高農村水資源保護的針對性�；诖�,本研究在充分認識農村水資源保護區(qū)劃的定義,結合國內外區(qū)劃的相關研究的方法,并在閱讀大量國內有關非點源污染的相關研究的基礎之上,提出本區(qū)劃的原則和方法體系,確定各污染源的排污系數、流失系數等相關參數,并利用地理信息系統(tǒng)(ArcGIS),以全國359個地區(qū)級行政單元(不含港、澳、臺地區(qū))為研究對象,采用清單分析法核算各污染物的排放量,劃分全國農村地區(qū)水資源保護類型區(qū)。其劃分結果如下： (1)全國農村水資源保護類型區(qū)劃采用3級分區(qū)體系,一級分區(qū)在我國三大自然分區(qū)的基礎之上,以“秦嶺—淮河”一線將東部季風區(qū)劃分成南部季風區(qū)及北部季風區(qū),加上原來的西北干旱區(qū)、青藏高寒區(qū),而形成4個一級分區(qū)。 (2)二級分區(qū)依據各污染源排放污染物的等標污染負荷比,采取系統(tǒng)聚類的方法,將我國分為畜禽污染、農業(yè)污染、農業(yè)畜禽污染、農業(yè)生活污染、農業(yè)畜禽生活污染等5種類型,并與一級分區(qū)疊加形成13個二級分區(qū)。 (3)三級分區(qū)通過計算各污染物(COD、TN、TP)的內梅羅綜合指數,并依據敏感分級標準劃分微度、輕度、中度、高度及極度污染5個強度級別,并與二級分區(qū)疊加得到52個三級分區(qū)。同時針對分區(qū)結果,提出不同農村水資源保護類型區(qū)水資源保護對策及措施。
[Abstract]:The regionalization of rural water resources protection is put forward based on the common technology of rural water resources protection under the condition of the deterioration of water quality and the destruction of water resources in rural areas of China. With the control of point source pollution in China, non-point source pollution has gradually become the main cause of surface water pollution. At present, the problem of non-point source pollution of surface water environment in China is very serious, and the main pollution comes from agricultural fertilizer, livestock and poultry breeding. Agricultural non-point source emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus in rural areas lead to eutrophication and other environmental problems in many water bodies in China. Due to the influence of many factors, such as topography, climate, hydrology, vegetation cover, land use and so on, agricultural non-point source pollution presents obvious spatial imbalance, and the spatial difference of pollution load is great. As a result, the major challenges and priority issues facing different regions differ. Therefore, before carrying on the rural water resources protection, we should first identify the pollution types and distinguish the high pollution load areas, so as to improve the pertinence of the rural water resources protection. Based on this, this study is based on a full understanding of the definition of rural water resources protection zoning, combined with the relevant research methods at home and abroad, and on the basis of reading a large number of domestic related studies on non-point source pollution. This paper puts forward the principle and method system of the regionalization, determines the discharge coefficient, loss coefficient and other related parameters of each pollution source, and takes the 359-district administrative unit (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan) as the research object by using (ArcGIS),. The inventory analysis method was used to calculate the discharge of pollutants and to divide the water resources protection areas in rural areas of China. The results are as follows: (1) the division of rural water resources protection type in China is divided into three levels, which are based on the three natural zones in China. On the "Qinling-Huaihe" front line, the eastern monsoon region is divided into the southern monsoon region and the northern monsoon region, plus the original northwest arid region, the Qinghai-Tibet high and cold region. Four first class zones were formed. (2) according to the iso-standard pollution load ratio of pollutants discharged from various pollution sources, the second division was divided into livestock and poultry pollution, agricultural livestock and poultry pollution by the method of systematic clustering. Five types of agricultural pollution, agricultural livestock and poultry pollution, were superimposed into 13 secondary subzones. (3) by calculating the Nemero comprehensive index of each pollutant (COD,TN,TP), the third division was divided into three subdivisions. According to the sensitive grading standard, 5 intensity levels were classified as micro-degree, mild, moderate, high and extreme pollution, and 52 third-grade zones were obtained by superposing with the second-grade classification. At the same time, the countermeasures and measures of water resources protection in different types of rural water resources protection areas are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X52;F323.213

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