【摘要】：目前國(guó)家及企業(yè)對(duì)建筑能耗愈加重視,中央空調(diào)占據(jù)建筑能耗的60%以上,而水系統(tǒng)是中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中的重要組成部分,因此降低中央空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)的能耗將會(huì)減少整個(gè)建筑能耗。現(xiàn)有的中央空調(diào)水控制系統(tǒng)中冷卻水以及冷凍水往往單獨(dú)控制,各自以最大設(shè)計(jì)負(fù)荷運(yùn)行;冷卻水循環(huán)過(guò)程中,不考慮天氣等因素,持續(xù)開(kāi)啟冷卻塔風(fēng)機(jī);樓層支管系統(tǒng)控制方式簡(jiǎn)單,造成能源浪費(fèi);冷凍水循環(huán)過(guò)程中,冷凍水泵的變頻調(diào)速控制算法簡(jiǎn)單,控制效果不理想。針對(duì)目前中央空調(diào)水控制系統(tǒng)中存在的不足,論文對(duì)中央空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究,主要工作如下:(1)設(shè)計(jì)了一套基于STM32的具有遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控功能的分布式中央空調(diào)水控制系統(tǒng),并完成了硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)以及PCB繪制與調(diào)試,為中央空調(diào)水控制系統(tǒng)的研究構(gòu)建了基礎(chǔ)平臺(tái)。搭建遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器,通過(guò)使用組態(tài)軟件WINCC,編寫(xiě)中央空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)的遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控界面,遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器通過(guò)以太網(wǎng)與控制系統(tǒng)上層的核心控制板連接,實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控功能。整個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)由三層構(gòu)成,上層為核心控制板;中間層的冷卻水泵控制板、冷凍水泵控制板、冷卻塔控制板以及樓層支管控制板;下層為水泵、傳感器等現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備。核心控制板通過(guò)RS-485電路將冷卻水系統(tǒng)與冷凍水系統(tǒng)集成在一起,根據(jù)中央空調(diào)負(fù)荷的變化,通過(guò)變頻的方式調(diào)節(jié)水泵轉(zhuǎn)速,從而調(diào)節(jié)冷卻水以及冷凍水流量。冷卻塔控制板根據(jù)環(huán)境溫度的變化控制冷卻塔風(fēng)機(jī)的啟停;樓層支管控制板根據(jù)各支管回水溫度改變支管閥門開(kāi)度,減少能源浪費(fèi),同時(shí)提高了室內(nèi)用戶的舒適性。(2)冷凍水循環(huán)是一個(gè)非線性、時(shí)變、大滯后的復(fù)雜過(guò)程,在Simulink中對(duì)冷凍水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行模糊PID算法仿真,相較傳統(tǒng)的PID算法,新的算法提高了控制的實(shí)時(shí)性和控制精度。(3)系統(tǒng)相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。在對(duì)系統(tǒng)硬件電路各模塊進(jìn)行單獨(dú)測(cè)試的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行聯(lián)合調(diào)試,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行狀況良好,節(jié)能效果好,滿足設(shè)計(jì)需求。
[Abstract]:At present, the state and enterprises pay more and more attention to building energy consumption, central air conditioning accounts for more than 60% of the building energy consumption, and water system is an important part of the central air conditioning system. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption of the central air conditioning water system will reduce the energy consumption of the whole building. The cooling water and freezing water in the existing central air conditioning water control system are usually controlled by the maximum design load, and the cooling tower fan is opened continuously in the cooling water cycle process, regardless of the weather and other factors. The control mode of floor branch system is simple, resulting in waste of energy, and in the course of freezing water cycle, the control algorithm of variable frequency speed regulation of frozen water pump is simple and the control effect is not satisfactory. Aiming at the deficiency of central air conditioning water control system, this paper studies the water control system of central air conditioning. The main work is as follows: (1) A distributed central air conditioning water control system with remote monitoring function based on STM32 is designed. And completed the hardware circuit design and PCB drawing and debugging, for the central air conditioning water control system to build a basic platform. The remote server is built and the remote monitoring interface of the central air conditioning water system is programmed by using the configuration software WINCC,. The remote server is connected with the core control board in the upper layer of the control system through Ethernet to realize the remote monitoring function. The whole control system is composed of three layers, the upper layer is the core control board, the middle layer is the cooling pump control board, the freezing pump control board, the cooling tower control board and the floor branch control board, and the lower layer is the field equipment such as water pump, sensor and so on. The core control board integrates the cooling water system with the refrigerated water system through the RS-485 circuit. According to the change of the central air-conditioning load, the speed of the pump is adjusted by frequency conversion, so as to adjust the cooling water and the chilled water flow. The control plate of cooling tower controls the start and stop of cooling tower fan according to the change of ambient temperature; The floor branch control panel changes branch valve opening according to the return water temperature of each branch, reduces energy waste and improves the comfort of indoor users. (2) Frozen water cycle is a nonlinear, time-varying and large lag complex process. Compared with the traditional PID algorithm, the new algorithm improves the real-time performance and control precision of the frozen water system simulated in Simulink by fuzzy PID algorithm. (3) the related experimental verification of the system is carried out. On the basis of testing each module of the hardware circuit of the system, the whole system is debugged. The experimental results show that the system works well, the energy-saving effect is good, and meets the design requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU83;TP273

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