【摘要】：原子磁力儀作為一種量子傳感器,由于具有高性能和易于小型化的特點,正逐漸成為磁探系統(tǒng)中的核心傳感器。隨著磁探系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用的多元化,磁傳感器也向著多個指標的高性能發(fā)展。為了滿足應(yīng)用需求,需要對原子磁力儀如何同時保持多個高性能的指標進行研究。本文主要對基于相干布居囚禁原理的磁場測量方案進行了研究,利用雙共振原理和線偏振激發(fā)的方式,保證了原子磁力儀±0.5nT的絕對精度、20pT/(?)的靈敏度和10Hz的采樣率,實現(xiàn)對磁場準確值和變化量的精確測量。雙共振原理利用激光光場的調(diào)制邊帶同時激發(fā)多個磁子能級,產(chǎn)生相反頻移的兩個相干布居囚禁信號,從而減小頻移機制的影響。線偏振的激發(fā)方案消除了因光泵浦作用引起的原子非相干暗態(tài)的產(chǎn)生,提高原子利用率和信號信噪比。隨后,本文提出了一種基于頻移機制的差分方法。這種方法的優(yōu)點是在保證絕對精度的情況下消除了共模噪聲的影響,使磁力儀的靈敏度提高到了 2pT/(?)。接著,本文介紹了基于雙共振和線偏振激發(fā)原理的相干布居囚禁磁力儀原理樣機的相關(guān)情況。最后,本文對磁力儀的噪聲來源進行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)噪聲主要來源于激光頻率抖動引起的頻率-幅度噪聲,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種利用原子氣室端面反射方法的飽和吸收光譜鎖頻技術(shù)。該技術(shù)具有裝置簡單、可靠性高和鎖頻效果好等特點,不僅適合磁力儀的工程化實現(xiàn),也同樣適合其他量子傳感器的裝置簡化,提高在運動平臺上的適應(yīng)性。本文的章節(jié)安排:第一章主要介紹了磁場測量的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用需求以及磁傳感器的種類、工作原理、優(yōu)缺點和應(yīng)用場合;第二章主要介紹了各種原子磁力儀的工作原理、優(yōu)缺點和國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,分析了影響原子磁力儀靈敏度和絕對精度的因素,提出了本課題的研究意義;第三章主要介紹了相干布居囚禁磁力儀原理、雙共振原理和線偏振激發(fā)原理的實驗研究以及利用差分方法實現(xiàn)噪聲抑制的方案;第四章主要介紹了相干布居囚禁磁力儀樣機的研制情況,包括系統(tǒng)設(shè)計和性能測試;第五章主要對磁力儀的噪聲進行了分析,并對鎖頻方法進行了實驗研究;第六章主要對本文的內(nèi)容進行了總結(jié)和展望。
[Abstract]:As a kind of quantum sensor, atomic magnetometer is becoming the core sensor in magnetic probe system because of its high performance and easy miniaturization. With the diversification of the application of the magnetic sensor system, the magnetic sensor is developing towards the high performance of many indicators. In order to meet the needs of application, it is necessary to study how to maintain multiple high-performance indicators of atomic magnetometers at the same time. In this paper, the measurement scheme of magnetic field based on coherent population trapping principle is studied. The absolute precision of 鹵0.5nT is guaranteed by using the double resonance principle and the mode of linear polarization excitation, and the absolute accuracy of the atomic magnetometer 鹵20pT/ (?) The sensitivity of the magnetic field and the sampling rate of 10Hz can be used to measure the accurate value and variation of the magnetic field. The double resonance principle uses the modulated sideband of the laser field to excite multiple magneto-sublevels at the same time to produce two coherent population-trapping signals with opposite frequency shift, thus reducing the influence of the frequency-shift mechanism. The excitation scheme of linear polarization eliminates the generation of non-coherent dark states caused by optical pumping and improves the atomic utilization ratio and signal-to-noise ratio. Then, a difference method based on frequency shift mechanism is proposed in this paper. The advantage of this method is that the influence of common mode noise is eliminated while the absolute precision is guaranteed and the sensitivity of the magnetometer is improved to 2pT/. Then, this paper introduces the prototype of coherent population trapping magnetometer based on double resonance and linear polarization excitation principle. Finally, the noise source of the magnetometer is analyzed. It is found that the noise mainly comes from the frequency-amplitude noise caused by laser frequency jitter. On the basis of this, a frequency-locked technique of saturated absorption spectrum based on the reflection method of atomic gas chamber face is proposed in this paper. The technology has the characteristics of simple device, high reliability and good frequency locking effect. It is not only suitable for the engineering realization of magnetometer, but also suitable for the simplification of other quantum sensors, so as to improve the adaptability on the moving platform. The first chapter mainly introduces the development and application requirements of magnetic field measurement, the types, working principles, advantages and disadvantages of magnetic sensors, and the applications of magnetic sensors. The second chapter mainly introduces the working principle, advantages and disadvantages of various atomic magnetometers and the development situation at home and abroad, analyzes the factors affecting the sensitivity and absolute precision of atomic magnetometers, and puts forward the research significance of this topic. In the third chapter, the principle of coherent population trapping magnetometer, the principle of double resonance and the principle of linear polarization excitation are introduced, and the scheme of noise suppression by using difference method is also introduced. The fourth chapter mainly introduces the development of the prototype of coherent population trapping magnetometer, including system design and performance testing, chapter 5 mainly analyzes the noise of the magnetometer, and carries on the experimental research on the frequency locking method. The sixth chapter summarizes and looks forward to the content of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212

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