【摘要】：電磁脈沖作用范圍廣危害大,為了模擬電磁脈沖環(huán)境,參照國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)瞬態(tài)電磁場(chǎng)輻射敏感度測(cè)量的要求,構(gòu)建了一種小型的雙指數(shù)納秒脈沖場(chǎng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。測(cè)試系統(tǒng)主要由高壓脈沖源、GTEM小室、電阻分壓器、場(chǎng)強(qiáng)探頭和示波器組成,高壓脈沖源向GTEM小室放電在小室內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)瞬態(tài)電磁場(chǎng),電阻分壓器和場(chǎng)強(qiáng)探頭分別用來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)脈沖電壓和電場(chǎng)的變化。本文的主要工作包括以下幾個(gè)方面：1)對(duì)GTEM、室的饋電接頭進(jìn)行了耐高壓優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),優(yōu)化后的小室接頭可以耐受20kV的脈沖電壓。GTEM小室從低頻到2GHz頻率范圍內(nèi)電壓駐波比穩(wěn)定在1.6,在605MHz附近電壓駐波比為1.73。對(duì)電阻分壓器性能進(jìn)行了調(diào)試提高了其3dB帶寬,從直流到400MHz范圍內(nèi)衰減值穩(wěn)定在65.5dB；在方波脈沖響應(yīng)測(cè)試中,上升時(shí)間穩(wěn)定在1ns附近,可以用于高壓脈沖的測(cè)量。2)在高壓脈沖源的設(shè)計(jì)中,提出了高壓脈沖源的設(shè)計(jì)方案。分析了電容器和負(fù)載電阻對(duì)串級(jí)發(fā)生器的電壓紋波和電壓降的影響,完成了串級(jí)發(fā)生器、氣體火花開(kāi)關(guān)及其觸發(fā)電路的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。對(duì)脈沖源進(jìn)行了靜態(tài)擊穿試驗(yàn)和觸發(fā)擊穿試驗(yàn),在試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上分析了氣體壓力、電極間距、電極形狀對(duì)脈沖波形的影響。脈沖源在自擊穿工作狀態(tài)下,輸出電壓峰值可達(dá)到20kV、平均上升時(shí)間約2.46ns、平均半峰值脈寬約30ns,輸出波形和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)波形擬合良好。3)在原有場(chǎng)強(qiáng)探頭的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)調(diào)整分壓電容器的取值和單極子天線的桿長(zhǎng)來(lái)減小電路的輸入信號(hào),去除光纖傳輸模塊以充分利用運(yùn)算放大器的工作范圍,從而提高了探頭的最大可測(cè)電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度。分析了分壓電容對(duì)場(chǎng)強(qiáng)探頭頻帶寬度的影響,完成了探頭的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和仿真分析。對(duì)探頭的天線系數(shù)分別在時(shí)域和頻域進(jìn)行了校準(zhǔn),確定了探頭在不同分壓電容取值和天線桿長(zhǎng)時(shí)的3dB帶寬、線性度和可測(cè)場(chǎng)強(qiáng)范圍。整個(gè)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的功能基本滿足了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,但是仍然存在一些不足需要改進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:In order to simulate the environment of electromagnetic pulse, a small double exponential nanosecond pulse field testing system is constructed according to the requirements of the relevant standards at home and abroad for the measurement of transient electromagnetic field radiation sensitivity. The test system consists of a high voltage pulse source, a GTEM chamber, a resistance divider, a field strength probe and an oscilloscope. The discharge of the high voltage pulse source into the GTEM chamber produces a strong transient electromagnetic field inside the chamber. Resistance divider and field strength probe are used to monitor the change of pulse voltage and electric field respectively. The main work of this paper includes the following aspects: 1) the optimal design of high voltage resistance for the feed joint of GTEM, chamber is carried out. The optimized chamber joint can withstand the pulse voltage of 20kV. The VSWR of GTEM chamber is stabilized at 1.6 from low frequency to 2GHz frequency and is 1.73 near 605MHz. The performance of resistive divider is debugged and the bandwidth of 3dB is improved. The attenuation value is stable at 65.5dB from DC to 400MHz. In the square wave pulse response test, the rising time is stable near the 1ns, which can be used to measure the high voltage pulse. 2) in the design of the high voltage pulse source, the design scheme of the high voltage pulse source is put forward. The influence of capacitor and load resistance on voltage ripple and voltage drop of cascade generator is analyzed, and the structure design of cascade generator, gas spark switch and trigger circuit is completed. The static breakdown test and trigger breakdown test of the pulse source are carried out. The effects of gas pressure, electrode spacing and electrode shape on the pulse waveform are analyzed on the basis of the experiment. Under the condition of self-breakdown, the peak output voltage can reach 20 kV, the average rising time is about 2.46 ns, and the average half-peak pulse width is about 30 ns. The output waveform and standard waveform fit well. 3) on the basis of the original field strength probe, the output wave is fitted well with the standard waveform. The input signal of the circuit is reduced by adjusting the value of the voltage divider capacitor and the length of the pole of the monopole antenna, and the optical fiber transmission module is removed to make full use of the operating range of the operational amplifier, thus increasing the maximum measurable electric field intensity of the probe. The influence of partial voltage capacitance on the frequency band width of the field strength probe is analyzed, and the structure design and simulation analysis of the probe are completed. The antenna coefficients of the probe are calibrated in time domain and frequency domain, respectively, and the 3dB bandwidth, linearity and measurable field intensity range of the probe at different partial voltage capacitance values and the length of antenna rod are determined. The function of the whole test system basically meets the standard requirements, but there are still some shortcomings that need to be improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TP274

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