【摘要】：隨著我國能源結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,太陽能作為一種可再生清潔能源得到了大力發(fā)展。太陽能熱發(fā)電是太陽能開發(fā)利用的主要形式之一,我國在“十三五”時期將建設(shè)一批太陽能光熱電站,其中包括多座塔式太陽能熱發(fā)電站。吸熱器作為塔式太陽能熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)光熱轉(zhuǎn)換的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備,其穩(wěn)定高效運行對整個電站的經(jīng)濟性能有著重要影響。本文以水工質(zhì)吸熱器為研究對象,對吸熱器特性、控制方法以及控制系統(tǒng)的實時性與可靠性進行研究,主要完成了以下工作:(1)本文通過對水工質(zhì)吸熱器的結(jié)構(gòu)分析,根據(jù)能量守恒與質(zhì)量守恒定律,將水工質(zhì)吸熱器吸熱管沿軸向和徑向進行離散化,建立了吸熱器的分段集總參數(shù)模型,結(jié)合吸熱器的工藝參數(shù),建立了不同輸入量對吸熱器出口溫度的傳遞函數(shù)模型。通過對水工質(zhì)入口溫度、給水流量以及太陽輻照量等輸入條件變化時吸熱器出口溫度變化的仿真分析,得出了吸熱器的動態(tài)特性。(2)基于水工質(zhì)吸熱器的模型,分析現(xiàn)有吸熱器控制方案的缺陷,本文提出了給水流量與定日鏡場類選擇性控制的控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)合了給水流量控制快速性調(diào)節(jié)與鏡場大范圍調(diào)節(jié)的特點,滿足了不同工況下的控制要求。同時,本文提出運用多目標瞄準策略,通過調(diào)控定日鏡,解決吸熱器受熱不均的問題。針對PID控制方法對吸熱器控制的局限性,本文提出將廣義預(yù)測的改進算法用于吸熱器的出口溫度控制,通過Matlab仿真控制,得出了較好的控制效果。(3)為了保證控制系統(tǒng)的實時性與可靠性,本文提出了控制系統(tǒng)的三層冗余網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)(CAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)層,以太網(wǎng)層,光纖環(huán)網(wǎng)層),并設(shè)計了三層冗余網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備島控制器。通過三層網(wǎng)絡(luò)對數(shù)據(jù)的逐層打包,保證了控制系統(tǒng)的實時性。通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)冗余結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計,保證了控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,搭建了三層冗余網(wǎng)絡(luò)的實驗平臺,對其進行測試,驗證其實時性與可靠性。最后應(yīng)用于實際項目,達到了預(yù)期的效果。
[Abstract]:With the adjustment of energy structure in China, solar energy as a renewable clean energy has been greatly developed. Solar thermal power generation is one of the main forms of solar energy development and utilization. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, a number of solar photothermal power stations, including many tower solar thermal power stations, will be built in China. As the key equipment of photothermal conversion in the tower solar thermal power generation system, the stable and efficient operation of the absorber has an important impact on the economic performance of the whole power plant. In this paper, the characteristics of the absorber, the control method and the real-time and reliability of the control system are studied. The main work is as follows: (1) the structure of the water absorber is analyzed in this paper. According to the law of conservation of energy and mass, the heat absorption pipe of water absorber is discretized along axial and radial direction, and the piecewise lumped parameter model of the absorber is established, and the process parameters of the absorber are combined. The transfer function model of different input amount to the outlet temperature of heat absorber is established. Based on the simulation analysis of the inlet temperature of the water working fluid, the flow rate of water and the solar radiation, the dynamic characteristics of the absorber are obtained. (2) based on the model of the water refrigerant absorber, Based on the analysis of the defects of the existing control schemes of the absorber, the structure of the control system for the feed water flow and the selective control of the helioscope field is proposed in this paper. The structure combines the characteristics of the fast regulation of the feed water flow control and the wide range adjustment of the mirror field. The control requirements under different working conditions are satisfied. At the same time, the multi-target aiming strategy is used to solve the problem of uneven heating of the absorber by adjusting the sun-fixing mirror. In view of the limitation of the PID control method to the heat absorber, the improved generalized predictive algorithm is applied to the outlet temperature control of the heat absorber, which is controlled by Matlab simulation. In order to ensure the real-time and reliability of the control system, this paper proposes a three-layer redundant network structure (CAN network layer, Ethernet layer, fiber ring layer). The key equipment island controller of three-layer redundant network is designed. The real-time control system is guaranteed by three-layer network. The reliability of the control system is ensured by the design of the network redundancy structure. On this basis, the experiment platform of three layers redundant network is built and tested to verify its real-time and reliability. Finally, it is applied to the actual project, and the expected effect is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP273;TM615

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