【摘要】：設(shè)備故障診斷對(duì)減小機(jī)械設(shè)備故障頻率,控制保養(yǎng)費(fèi)用起著重要的作用。隨著對(duì)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備狀況監(jiān)測(cè)的需求不斷增強(qiáng),出現(xiàn)了對(duì)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的某一部件狀態(tài)進(jìn)行精密、持續(xù)性監(jiān)測(cè)的要求。傳統(tǒng)故障檢測(cè)方法將傳感器放置在設(shè)備外表面或者設(shè)備中固定的元件上,只能通過(guò)各種分析方法處理振動(dòng)信號(hào)對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行故障診斷,分析難度大。本文建立了旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障同步振動(dòng)模型,設(shè)計(jì)一款可放置在旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械內(nèi)部軸上的無(wú)線振動(dòng)傳感系統(tǒng),更加靠近故障源,提高原始采集信號(hào)的信噪比,方便進(jìn)行設(shè)備故障診斷。本文根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用需求,確定了將無(wú)線振動(dòng)傳感系統(tǒng)放置在軸上的方案。針對(duì)齒輪箱中齒根裂紋故障以及齒面磨損等故障,分析了旋轉(zhuǎn)測(cè)量以及齒輪故障振動(dòng)共同作用下對(duì)傳感器采集到的信號(hào)的幅值調(diào)制以及頻率調(diào)制作用,推導(dǎo)了在將傳感器放置在軸上時(shí)采集到的故障信號(hào)振動(dòng)狀態(tài)以及得到了新的故障頻率,并針對(duì)齒輪故障特征提出了在分析齒輪故障時(shí)A-B軸測(cè)量方法。同時(shí)面對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承內(nèi)圈、外圈點(diǎn)蝕故障,分析了與傳統(tǒng)測(cè)量方式相比,軸上旋轉(zhuǎn)測(cè)量的優(yōu)劣。并根據(jù)軸上旋轉(zhuǎn)測(cè)量的要求,設(shè)計(jì)了包含傳感器、ADC、處理器等的模塊化無(wú)線振動(dòng)傳感系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu),完成了PCB的設(shè)計(jì)、打樣與樣機(jī)的制作,并基于Arduino平臺(tái)編寫(xiě)了無(wú)線振動(dòng)傳感系統(tǒng)的底層驅(qū)動(dòng)以及任務(wù)控制程序。最后,對(duì)本次設(shè)計(jì)的無(wú)線振動(dòng)傳感系統(tǒng)性能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,并將其安裝在軸上對(duì)齒輪齒根裂紋故障、齒面不同程度磨損、軸承內(nèi)圈故障進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),與傳統(tǒng)外置壓電式傳感器進(jìn)行結(jié)果對(duì)比。結(jié)果表明,該無(wú)線振動(dòng)傳感系統(tǒng)性能較為優(yōu)秀,能夠滿足旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械內(nèi)部的故障診斷要求。
[Abstract]:Equipment fault diagnosis plays an important role in reducing fault frequency and controlling maintenance cost. With the increasing demand for monitoring the status of production equipment, the requirement of precise and continuous monitoring of a component state of production equipment has emerged. The traditional fault detection method places the sensor on the external surface of the equipment or on the fixed element in the equipment, so it is difficult to analyze the fault of the equipment by processing the vibration signal by various analytical methods. In this paper, a synchronous vibration model of rotating machinery fault is established, and a wireless vibration sensing system which can be placed on the internal shaft of rotating machinery is designed, which is closer to the fault source, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the original acquisition signal, and facilitates the fault diagnosis of the equipment. According to the requirement of design and application, the scheme of placing wireless vibration sensing system on shaft is determined in this paper. Aiming at the fault of tooth root crack and tooth surface wear in the gear box, the amplitude modulation and frequency modulation of the signal collected by the sensor under the joint action of rotating measurement and gear fault vibration are analyzed. The vibration state of the fault signal and the new fault frequency are derived when the sensor is placed on the shaft, and an A-B axis measurement method is proposed to analyze the gear fault characteristics. At the same time, in the face of pitting fault of inner ring and outer ring of rolling bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of rotating measurement on shaft are analyzed compared with traditional measuring method. According to the requirements of axial rotation measurement, the hardware structure of modularized wireless vibration sensing system including sensor, ADC, processor and so on is designed. The design of PCB, the manufacture of proofing and prototype are completed. And based on Arduino platform, the bottom driver and task control program of wireless vibration sensing system are programmed. Finally, the performance of the wireless vibration sensing system designed in this paper is tested, and it is installed on the shaft to detect the crack in the root of the gear, the wear of the tooth surface, and the fault of the inner ring of the bearing. The results are compared with the traditional external piezoelectric sensor. The results show that the wireless vibration sensing system has excellent performance and can meet the requirements of internal fault diagnosis of rotating machinery.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TH17;TP212
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本文編號(hào)：2377653