【摘要】：設備故障診斷對減小機械設備故障頻率,控制保養(yǎng)費用起著重要的作用。隨著對生產設備狀況監(jiān)測的需求不斷增強,出現(xiàn)了對生產設備的某一部件狀態(tài)進行精密、持續(xù)性監(jiān)測的要求。傳統(tǒng)故障檢測方法將傳感器放置在設備外表面或者設備中固定的元件上,只能通過各種分析方法處理振動信號對設備進行故障診斷,分析難度大。本文建立了旋轉機械故障同步振動模型,設計一款可放置在旋轉機械內部軸上的無線振動傳感系統(tǒng),更加靠近故障源,提高原始采集信號的信噪比,方便進行設備故障診斷。本文根據(jù)設計應用需求,確定了將無線振動傳感系統(tǒng)放置在軸上的方案。針對齒輪箱中齒根裂紋故障以及齒面磨損等故障,分析了旋轉測量以及齒輪故障振動共同作用下對傳感器采集到的信號的幅值調制以及頻率調制作用,推導了在將傳感器放置在軸上時采集到的故障信號振動狀態(tài)以及得到了新的故障頻率,并針對齒輪故障特征提出了在分析齒輪故障時A-B軸測量方法。同時面對滾動軸承內圈、外圈點蝕故障,分析了與傳統(tǒng)測量方式相比,軸上旋轉測量的優(yōu)劣。并根據(jù)軸上旋轉測量的要求,設計了包含傳感器、ADC、處理器等的模塊化無線振動傳感系統(tǒng)的硬件結構,完成了PCB的設計、打樣與樣機的制作,并基于Arduino平臺編寫了無線振動傳感系統(tǒng)的底層驅動以及任務控制程序。最后,對本次設計的無線振動傳感系統(tǒng)性能進行了測試,并將其安裝在軸上對齒輪齒根裂紋故障、齒面不同程度磨損、軸承內圈故障進行了檢測,與傳統(tǒng)外置壓電式傳感器進行結果對比。結果表明,該無線振動傳感系統(tǒng)性能較為優(yōu)秀,能夠滿足旋轉機械內部的故障診斷要求。
[Abstract]:Equipment fault diagnosis plays an important role in reducing fault frequency and controlling maintenance cost. With the increasing demand for monitoring the status of production equipment, the requirement of precise and continuous monitoring of a component state of production equipment has emerged. The traditional fault detection method places the sensor on the external surface of the equipment or on the fixed element in the equipment, so it is difficult to analyze the fault of the equipment by processing the vibration signal by various analytical methods. In this paper, a synchronous vibration model of rotating machinery fault is established, and a wireless vibration sensing system which can be placed on the internal shaft of rotating machinery is designed, which is closer to the fault source, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the original acquisition signal, and facilitates the fault diagnosis of the equipment. According to the requirement of design and application, the scheme of placing wireless vibration sensing system on shaft is determined in this paper. Aiming at the fault of tooth root crack and tooth surface wear in the gear box, the amplitude modulation and frequency modulation of the signal collected by the sensor under the joint action of rotating measurement and gear fault vibration are analyzed. The vibration state of the fault signal and the new fault frequency are derived when the sensor is placed on the shaft, and an A-B axis measurement method is proposed to analyze the gear fault characteristics. At the same time, in the face of pitting fault of inner ring and outer ring of rolling bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of rotating measurement on shaft are analyzed compared with traditional measuring method. According to the requirements of axial rotation measurement, the hardware structure of modularized wireless vibration sensing system including sensor, ADC, processor and so on is designed. The design of PCB, the manufacture of proofing and prototype are completed. And based on Arduino platform, the bottom driver and task control program of wireless vibration sensing system are programmed. Finally, the performance of the wireless vibration sensing system designed in this paper is tested, and it is installed on the shaft to detect the crack in the root of the gear, the wear of the tooth surface, and the fault of the inner ring of the bearing. The results are compared with the traditional external piezoelectric sensor. The results show that the wireless vibration sensing system has excellent performance and can meet the requirements of internal fault diagnosis of rotating machinery.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH17;TP212
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本文編號：2377653