【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)以其低成本、自組織、便于安裝等優(yōu)點(diǎn),被廣泛應(yīng)用于環(huán)境監(jiān)測、建筑安全監(jiān)測等領(lǐng)域,并開始向工業(yè)領(lǐng)域滲透。與傳統(tǒng)的有線系統(tǒng)相比,利用工業(yè)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Industrial wireless sensor networks,IWSNs)所構(gòu)建的設(shè)備狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)具有成本較低、安裝方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但是,目前IWSNs節(jié)點(diǎn)多采用電池供電,電池容量和節(jié)點(diǎn)壽命有限。頻繁更換電池將大大增加系統(tǒng)維護(hù)工作量,這已成為制約IWSNs推廣應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵因素。利用能量采集(Energy Harvesting)技術(shù),將環(huán)境中其他形式的能量,如熱能、振動(dòng)等,轉(zhuǎn)化為電能供節(jié)點(diǎn)使用,是近年來提出的解決IWSNs節(jié)點(diǎn)供電問題的一種新方法。該領(lǐng)域的研究具有重要理論和實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值�？紤]到電廠等大型工業(yè)企業(yè)現(xiàn)場存在大量熱壁,能為熱電能量采集提供了充足的熱源,本論文主要研究基于熱電能量采集的IWSNs。論文的具體工作如下:1.在了解和分析熱電模塊工作原理和內(nèi)部參數(shù)特性的基礎(chǔ)上,選取TGM-287-1.0-1.3熱電模塊為研究對(duì)象,在有限元軟件上建立了熱電模塊模型,并進(jìn)行了仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)。仿真分析了熱電模塊在不同冷熱端溫差條件下,固定溫差不同負(fù)載電阻條件下,以及加裝散熱片后的輸出特性。2.針對(duì)實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,熱電模塊冷熱端溫差較小,輸出電壓、功率不高且易波動(dòng)的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了為IWSNs節(jié)點(diǎn)供電的新穎熱電能量采集系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)包括熱電能量收集裝置和電能轉(zhuǎn)換電路兩部分。熱電能量收集裝置主要由熱電模塊、隔熱材料、銅制散熱片以及輔助器件組成。電能轉(zhuǎn)換電路主要由升壓電路、超級(jí)電容、降壓電路等組成。3.設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了基于熱電能量采集的自供電IWSNs熱壁溫度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要包括終端節(jié)點(diǎn),協(xié)調(diào)節(jié)點(diǎn)和上位機(jī)。終端節(jié)點(diǎn)是由K型熱電偶,放大電路,Jennic JN5139模塊等組成。終端節(jié)點(diǎn)測到的熱壁溫度,經(jīng)協(xié)調(diào)節(jié)點(diǎn)上傳至上位機(jī)顯示。4.設(shè)計(jì)搭建了相應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),并對(duì)所研發(fā)的基于熱電能量采集的自供電IWSNs熱壁溫度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了大量測試驗(yàn)證工作。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明所設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)達(dá)到了預(yù)期要求。當(dāng)熱壁溫度為67oC、室內(nèi)溫度為19oC,終端節(jié)點(diǎn)采樣間隔為16s時(shí),熱電能量采集系統(tǒng)收集的能量與IWSNs終端節(jié)點(diǎn)消耗的能量可達(dá)到平衡,實(shí)現(xiàn)IWSNs節(jié)點(diǎn)的自供電。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been widely used in environmental monitoring, building safety monitoring and other fields because of its advantages of low cost, self-organization and easy installation, and began to infiltrate into the industrial field. Compared with the traditional wired system, the equipment condition monitoring system based on industrial wireless sensor network (Industrial wireless sensor networks,IWSNs) has the advantages of low cost and convenient installation. However, at present, most IWSNs nodes are powered by battery, and the battery capacity and node life are limited. Frequent battery replacement will greatly increase the workload of system maintenance, which has become a key factor restricting the popularization and application of IWSNs. It is a new method to solve the power supply problem of IWSNs nodes to convert other forms of energy, such as heat energy, vibration and so on, into electric energy to be used by nodes by using (Energy Harvesting) technology of energy acquisition in recent years. The research in this field has important theoretical and practical application value. Considering that there are a large number of hot walls in power plants and other large industrial enterprises, which can provide sufficient heat source for thermoelectric energy collection, this paper mainly studies IWSNs. based on thermoelectric energy acquisition. The specific work of the thesis is as follows: 1. On the basis of understanding and analyzing the working principle and internal parameter characteristics of the thermoelectric module, the thermoelectric module of TGM-287-1.0-1.3 is selected as the research object, the model of the thermoelectric module is established on the finite element software, and the simulation experiment is carried out. The output characteristics of the thermoelectric module under the conditions of different temperature difference between cold and hot ends, different load resistance of fixed temperature difference, and the addition of heat sink are simulated and analyzed. 2. In view of the characteristics of small temperature difference, low output voltage, low power and easy to fluctuate in practical application, a novel thermoelectric energy acquisition system for IWSNs node is designed and developed. The system includes thermoelectric energy collection device and power conversion circuit. Thermoelectric energy collection device is mainly composed of thermoelectric module, heat insulation material, copper radiator and auxiliary device. Power conversion circuit is mainly composed of boost circuit, super capacitor, step-down circuit and so on. 3. A self-powered IWSNs hot wall temperature monitoring system based on thermoelectric energy acquisition is designed and developed. The system mainly includes terminal node, coordination node and host computer. Terminal node is composed of K-type thermocouple, amplifier circuit, Jennic JN5139 module and so on. Terminal node to measure the hot wall temperature, after the coordinated node upload to the host computer display. 4. A corresponding experimental platform was designed and built, and a lot of testing and verification work was carried out on the self-powered IWSNs hot-wall temperature monitoring system based on thermoelectric energy acquisition. The experimental results show that the designed system meets the expected requirements. When the hot wall temperature is 67oC, the indoor temperature is 19oC and the sampling interval of terminal node is 16s, the energy collected by thermoelectric energy acquisition system can be balanced with the energy consumed by IWSNs terminal node, and the self-power supply of IWSNs node can be realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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本文編號(hào)：2359829