【摘要】：地震的破壞性不僅會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的破壞,而且對(duì)生命安全產(chǎn)生巨大的威脅。第一時(shí)間獲取地震后災(zāi)害情況將有利于救援指揮部門(mén)制定救援工作方案,從而將損失和威脅降至最低。但地震造成道路坍塌、斷裂等損毀,及其次生災(zāi)害造成道路嚴(yán)重受阻、掩埋等情況,導(dǎo)致救援人員、救援車(chē)輛無(wú)法進(jìn)入災(zāi)區(qū),救援工作將無(wú)法展開(kāi)。近年來(lái),隨著遙感影像的空間分辨率的提高和傳感器的不斷更新,使得人類(lèi)對(duì)地理信息的探測(cè)更加容易。通過(guò)遙感技術(shù)能夠及時(shí)給交通搶修部門(mén)提供道路損毀程度、震害分布等信息,這對(duì)減輕災(zāi)害影響和搶救傷亡人員具有非常重要的意義。遙感系統(tǒng)在獲取信息中受時(shí)間、光譜、空間以及分辨率等條件的限制,很難精確地觀測(cè)和記錄復(fù)雜又豐富的地理信息,而在獲取觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)也會(huì)受到大氣、云層和區(qū)域的復(fù)雜度等多種因素的影響,難免會(huì)存在一定的誤差。論文采用二次多項(xiàng)式對(duì)影像中的畸變?cè)催M(jìn)行幾何糾正和相干增強(qiáng)各向異性擴(kuò)散模型進(jìn)行平滑處理,得到高質(zhì)量的遙感影像,為后續(xù)信息提取可靠的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)提取遙感信息的不同,其分割的尺度參數(shù)也不相同。當(dāng)分割尺度選擇不合理時(shí)會(huì)引起“欠分割”、“過(guò)分割”、“邊緣不匹配”等問(wèn)題。論文首先利用分形網(wǎng)絡(luò)演化方法對(duì)原始影像進(jìn)行小尺度分割;然后利用粒子群算法的全局搜索能力,從預(yù)分割的小尺度對(duì)象中確定最優(yōu)初始聚類(lèi)中心,在對(duì)小尺度對(duì)象聚類(lèi)合并時(shí),建立具有對(duì)象空間信息和對(duì)象間相關(guān)信息的目標(biāo)函數(shù);論文在不同分割尺度下對(duì)給出的算法進(jìn)行了分割實(shí)驗(yàn),并用eCognition Developer 8.7軟件和分水嶺算法進(jìn)行了對(duì)比和定量評(píng)價(jià)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,論文給出算法分割效果更優(yōu),可得到適應(yīng)不同尺度地物的分割結(jié)果,降低了多尺度分割方法對(duì)尺度參數(shù)的過(guò)度依賴(lài)。在對(duì)分割對(duì)象進(jìn)行模糊分類(lèi)時(shí),論文通過(guò)分析損毀道路特征信息,在分類(lèi)時(shí)根據(jù)特征的不同引入權(quán)重系數(shù),從而提高了主要的、區(qū)分度好的特征的權(quán)重,并降低次要特征的權(quán)重。對(duì)遙感圖像進(jìn)行了分類(lèi)實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,相對(duì)于采用相同的權(quán)值的進(jìn)行分類(lèi),對(duì)不同的特征賦予不同的權(quán)重時(shí)分類(lèi)精度更高。
[Abstract]:The damage of earthquake will not only cause serious damage to social economy and environment, but also threaten the safety of life. The first time to obtain the disaster situation after the earthquake will be helpful for the rescue command department to draw up the rescue work plan, thus reducing the loss and threat to the minimum. However, the earthquake caused road collapse, fracture and other damage, and secondary disasters caused serious road obstruction, burial and other conditions, resulting in rescue workers, rescue vehicles can not enter the disaster area, rescue work will not be able to begin. In recent years, with the improvement of spatial resolution of remote sensing images and the continuous updating of sensors, it is easier for human to detect geographical information. The remote sensing technology can provide the road damage degree, earthquake damage distribution and other information to the traffic emergency repair department in time, which is of great significance to reduce the impact of disasters and rescue casualties. Remote sensing systems are constrained by time, spectrum, space and resolution in obtaining information, which makes it difficult to accurately observe and record complex and rich geographic information, and is also subject to the atmosphere when acquiring observational data, It is inevitable that there are some errors due to the influence of the complexity of clouds and regions. In this paper, the quadratic polynomial is used for geometric correction of distortion sources and smoothing of coherent enhanced anisotropic diffusion model. High quality remote sensing images are obtained and reliable basic data are extracted for subsequent information. According to the different extraction of remote sensing information, the scale parameters of the segmentation are also different. When the selection of segmentation scale is unreasonable, the problems of "undersegmentation", "over-segmentation" and "edge mismatch" will be caused. Firstly, the fractal network evolution method is used to segment the original image on a small scale. Then, using the global searching ability of PSO, the optimal initial clustering center is determined from the presegmented small scale objects, and the objective function with object spatial information and object correlation information is established when clustering and merging small scale objects. In this paper, the segmentation experiments are carried out under different segmentation scales, and the comparison and quantitative evaluation of the proposed algorithm are carried out with eCognition Developer 8.7 software and watershed algorithm. The experimental results show that the segmentation effect of the algorithm is better, and the segmentation results adapted to different scale objects can be obtained, and the over-dependence of multi-scale segmentation method on scale parameters is reduced. In the process of fuzzy classification of segmented objects, the paper analyzes the information of damaged road features, and introduces the weight coefficients according to the different features in the classification, thus increasing the weight of the main, well-differentiated features. And reduce the weight of secondary features. The experimental results of remote sensing images show that the classification accuracy of different features with different weights is higher than that of classification with the same weights.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP751

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本文編號(hào)：2350453