【摘要】：我國(guó)是世界第一蘋(píng)果生產(chǎn)大國(guó),蘋(píng)果的迅速商品化使得大量蘋(píng)果在國(guó)內(nèi)異地銷(xiāo)售和進(jìn)行國(guó)際貿(mào)易,蘋(píng)果由于其自身質(zhì)地脆嫩,在采摘、裝箱、運(yùn)輸、貯藏以及深加工的所有環(huán)節(jié)中造成機(jī)械損傷,蘋(píng)果運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中的機(jī)械損傷是造成其大量損耗的主要原因之一,發(fā)泡塑料網(wǎng)作緩沖包裝時(shí),可有效地降低蘋(píng)果損傷率。目前,蘋(píng)果在采收后立刻使用網(wǎng)套對(duì)蘋(píng)果進(jìn)行保護(hù)是有效避免機(jī)械損傷的重要方式,但是該工序都是由人工完成的,隨著產(chǎn)量的增加和人工成本的增加,以及對(duì)蘋(píng)果包裝自動(dòng)化程度要求的提高,設(shè)計(jì)一款能夠自動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)蘋(píng)果快速套網(wǎng)的裝備勢(shì)在必行。蘋(píng)果套網(wǎng)裝置為基于PLC為控制核心的集機(jī)、電、氣、光一體化設(shè)備,蘋(píng)果進(jìn)入裝置的定位輸送機(jī)構(gòu),能夠在定位盤(pán)快速實(shí)現(xiàn)果梗垂直于水平面的定位,以確保發(fā)泡網(wǎng)套住抗壓強(qiáng)度最小的蘋(píng)果果腹部位;蘋(píng)果定位之后,套網(wǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)由PLC根據(jù)所測(cè)的光電信號(hào)及各種位置信號(hào)來(lái)控制套網(wǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)各部分動(dòng)作,代替人工作業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)給蘋(píng)果套發(fā)泡網(wǎng)工序的自動(dòng)化,有效地提高了套網(wǎng)的效率。本文對(duì)蘋(píng)果套網(wǎng)裝置進(jìn)行了的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),主要包括定位輸送機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)、套網(wǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)的各工作單元的設(shè)計(jì),以及整機(jī)的裝配。對(duì)蘋(píng)果套網(wǎng)裝置進(jìn)行氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),氣動(dòng)控制回路圖中各電磁閥線(xiàn)圈采用PLC技術(shù)進(jìn)行控制,完成的設(shè)計(jì)工作包括氣動(dòng)元件的計(jì)算選型、氣動(dòng)回路設(shè)計(jì)、氣動(dòng)回路動(dòng)態(tài)特性模擬等。裝置采用三菱FX2N系列PLC作為控制核心,利用光電傳感器檢測(cè)蘋(píng)果是否到位,通過(guò)固態(tài)繼電器SSR來(lái)控制電磁離合器的分離與接合,進(jìn)而控制定位輸送機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。分析蘋(píng)果套網(wǎng)裝置工藝控制要求,確定了蘋(píng)果套網(wǎng)裝置的動(dòng)作流程及工作原理。進(jìn)行電氣控制系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)計(jì)了操作盤(pán),繪制系統(tǒng)接線(xiàn)圖,列出控制系統(tǒng)I/O表,根據(jù)蘋(píng)果套網(wǎng)裝置的控制邏輯,編寫(xiě)梯形圖程序并進(jìn)行仿真調(diào)試。
[Abstract]:China is the world's largest apple producer, and the rapid commercialization of apples has led to the sale and international trade of a large number of apples in different parts of the country. Because of their crisp texture, apples are being picked, packed and transported. Mechanical damage is caused in all parts of storage and deep processing. Mechanical damage during apple transportation is one of the main reasons for the loss. When foam plastic mesh is used as buffer packaging, the damage rate of apple can be effectively reduced. At present, it is an important way for apple to protect itself from mechanical damage by using net cover immediately after harvest, but the process is done manually, as the output increases and the labor cost increases. It is imperative to design a kind of equipment that can automatically realize Apple's fast net. Apple netting device is an integrated device of collector, electricity, gas and light based on PLC as the control core, and the positioning and transportation mechanism of apple entering device, which can quickly realize the vertical positioning of fruit stem to horizontal plane in the positioning disk. In order to ensure that the foaming net covers the web of the apple with the lowest compressive strength, after the apple is positioned, the PLC controls each part of the net mechanism according to the measured photoelectric signals and various position signals. Instead of manual work, the automation of foaming net for apple was realized, and the efficiency of the net was improved effectively. In this paper, the design of the mechanical system of the Apple netting device is presented, including the design of the positioning conveying mechanism, the design of the work units of the latticed mechanism and the assembly of the whole machine. The pneumatic system is designed for the Apple latticed device. In the pneumatic control circuit diagram, the solenoid valve coils are controlled by PLC technology. The design work includes the calculation and selection of the pneumatic components, the design of the pneumatic loop, and the design of the pneumatic circuit. Simulation of dynamic characteristics of pneumatic loop, etc. The device adopts Mitsubishi FX2N series PLC as the control core, uses the photoelectric sensor to detect whether the apple is in place, and controls the separation and joint of the electromagnetic clutch through the solid-state relay SSR, and then controls the running state of the positioning conveying mechanism. The process control requirements of Apple netting device are analyzed, and the action flow and working principle of Apple netting device are determined. The hardware and software of the electric control system are designed, the operating plate is designed, the system wiring diagram is drawn up, and the I / O table of the control system is listed. According to the control logic of the Apple netting device, the trapezoidal diagram program is compiled and simulated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S661.1;TP273

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 謝佳駿;張若宇;坎雜;;水果品質(zhì)檢測(cè)分級(jí)加工處理過(guò)程中機(jī)械損傷研究[J];新疆農(nóng)墾科技;2015年05期

2 雷文斌;;我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀研究[J];中國(guó)包裝工業(yè);2015年08期

3 武宏泰;趙若云;邵兵;;一種集蘋(píng)果自動(dòng)篩選、裝套的流水線(xiàn)設(shè)備[J];機(jī)械工程師;2015年03期

4 李越;;倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)物流運(yùn)輸包裝決定蘋(píng)果品質(zhì)[J];果農(nóng)之友;2014年12期

5 王曉東;;關(guān)于三位五通電磁閥的選擇[J];科技創(chuàng)新與應(yīng)用;2014年21期

6 郝義;馬玉葉;;蘋(píng)果采后商品化處理技術(shù)研究[J];農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工;2014年06期

7 張靜;;淺談光電式傳感器[J];電子技術(shù)與軟件工程;2014年03期

8 蔣維棟;王春耀;閔磊;譚露露;;一種蘋(píng)果自動(dòng)定向輸送機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)及仿真[J];新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2013年03期

9 李萍;王若伊;林頓;茅林春;;果蔬運(yùn)輸振動(dòng)損傷及其減振包裝設(shè)計(jì)[J];食品工業(yè)科技;2013年05期

10 廖理;王叢嶺;楊平;馬人天;;速度調(diào)節(jié)閥兩種節(jié)流方式調(diào)速效果的分析與研究[J];科學(xué)技術(shù)與工程;2012年30期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 馬海軍;用電學(xué)參數(shù)標(biāo)志蘋(píng)果采后病害和機(jī)械損傷響應(yīng)機(jī)制的研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 石磊;果蔬自動(dòng)包裝機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與研究[D];浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué);2014年

2 張萍萍;基于PLC的氣動(dòng)機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)[D];電子科技大學(xué);2013年

3 蔣維棟;一種蘋(píng)果自動(dòng)定向輸送機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)[D];新疆大學(xué);2013年

4 李利軍;基于PLC的光機(jī)電一體化實(shí)訓(xùn)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)[D];鄭州大學(xué);2013年

5 葛紀(jì)帥;水果分選機(jī)機(jī)械系統(tǒng)和稱(chēng)重模塊的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2012年

6 蔡文;水果動(dòng)態(tài)稱(chēng)重與自動(dòng)分選控制系統(tǒng)研究與開(kāi)發(fā)[D];浙江大學(xué);2011年

7 馬娟娟;全自動(dòng)包裝機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)的研制[D];南京航空航天大學(xué);2011年

8 石明;小農(nóng)生產(chǎn)方式下的中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化研究[D];燕山大學(xué);2010年

9 鄧大偉;基于PLC控制的氣動(dòng)機(jī)械手研制[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

10 徐廣增;基于組態(tài)軟件的數(shù)控沖床控制系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)[D];南京航空航天大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號(hào)：2292672