【摘要】：隨著高鐵領(lǐng)域的飛速發(fā)展,高鐵車(chē)輛本身的生產(chǎn)需要也逐漸增加,用于制造高鐵車(chē)頭的蒙皮和車(chē)身的大梁均由張臂式拉彎?rùn)C(jī)拉彎生產(chǎn)制成。在張臂式拉彎?rùn)C(jī)的拉彎成形過(guò)程控制中,型材的拉伸力的大小、彎曲程度、回彈量和拉彎步進(jìn)速度等是非常重要的工藝參量,直接影響著型材拉彎精度。然而,由于拉彎成形過(guò)程存在非線性、不確定性、機(jī)械誤差和控制滯后等因素,單靠操作人員的經(jīng)驗(yàn)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)有效控制,尤其是當(dāng)工況變化時(shí),很容易出現(xiàn)型材褶皺、拉斷、彈飛傷人等問(wèn)題,造成產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量下降,消耗增加。針對(duì)以上情況,本文的主要內(nèi)容與創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)概括為:1、基于張臂式拉彎?rùn)C(jī)生產(chǎn)工藝?yán)碚?針對(duì)拉彎過(guò)程控制中型材的拉伸形變量進(jìn)行研究。采用“加載軌跡”方法,通過(guò)控制拉彎?rùn)C(jī)各個(gè)液壓缸的運(yùn)行軌跡來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)的拉彎過(guò)程控制。2、建立拉彎?rùn)C(jī)物理模型,并應(yīng)用到拉彎過(guò)程控制的數(shù)學(xué)模型中,通過(guò)模型計(jì)算出包覆角度,得到包覆角度與拉伸力的關(guān)系曲線,并初步確定各個(gè)液壓缸的軌跡曲線。3、建立人機(jī)交互式加載軌跡模型,設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)規(guī)則編輯器,在生產(chǎn)歷史數(shù)據(jù)的支持下,基于實(shí)際加載軌跡,基于每個(gè)液壓缸的預(yù)期運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡,工藝專(zhuān)家調(diào)整并確認(rèn),通過(guò)知識(shí)編輯器生成知識(shí)規(guī)則,從而生成知識(shí)規(guī)則庫(kù)。4、結(jié)合拉彎生產(chǎn)的實(shí)際情況,編寫(xiě)拉彎過(guò)程控制軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)文檔,并用C++編程實(shí)現(xiàn)該軟件系統(tǒng)。針對(duì)張臂式拉彎?rùn)C(jī)生產(chǎn)中的控制需求,將原來(lái)的手動(dòng)單缸操作升級(jí)為空間三維四軸聯(lián)動(dòng)的自動(dòng)過(guò)程控制,即回轉(zhuǎn)臂缸、拉伸缸、升降缸和旋轉(zhuǎn)缸聯(lián)動(dòng)。在實(shí)際型材拉彎成形生產(chǎn)的反饋中,拉彎過(guò)程完全實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制,成形的型材表面光滑、拉彎精度符合工藝要求,驗(yàn)證了該拉彎過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)的可行性、準(zhǔn)確性,四軸聯(lián)動(dòng)的拉彎軌跡清晰直觀,該拉彎過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)投入于生產(chǎn)中。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of high-speed rail industry, the production needs of high-speed railway vehicles have gradually increased. The skin used to make the front of high-speed railway cars and the beam of the body are all made by the stretch bending machine. In the process control of stretch bending process of tension bending machine, the drawing force, bending degree, springback and step speed of the profile are very important technological parameters, which directly affect the drawing and bending accuracy of the profile. However, due to the nonlinearity, uncertainty, mechanical error and control lag in the forming process of tension bending, it is difficult to realize effective control by the experience of the operator alone, especially when the working conditions change, the profile is prone to fold and break. Problems such as hurtful flying, resulting in a decline in product quality, consumption increased. In view of the above situation, the main contents and innovations of this paper are summarized as follows: 1. Based on the production technology theory of tension bending machine, this paper studies the drawing shape variables of the profile in the process control of tension and bending. By using the method of "loading track", the precise control of the bending process is realized by controlling the running track of each hydraulic cylinder of the bending machine. 2. The physical model of the bending machine is established and applied to the mathematical model of the control of the tension and bending process. The relationship curve between the coating angle and the tensile force is obtained by calculating the cladding angle, and the trajectory curve of each hydraulic cylinder is preliminarily determined. 3. The man-machine interactive loading trajectory model is established, and the knowledge rule editor is designed. Supported by the production history data, based on the actual loading trajectory, based on the expected motion trajectory of each hydraulic cylinder, the process expert adjusts and confirms, and generates the knowledge rules through the knowledge editor. Thus the knowledge rule base is generated. 4. According to the actual situation of tension bending production, the design document of the software system for the control of the process of tension bending is compiled, and the software system is realized by C programming. In view of the control requirement in the production of tension bending machine, the original manual single cylinder operation was upgraded to the automatic process control of three-dimensional four-axis linkage in space, that is, rotary arm cylinder, tension cylinder, lift cylinder and rotary cylinder. In the feedback of the actual profile forming process, the process of drawing and bending is completely controlled automatically, and the surface of the formed profile is smooth, and the precision of the bending is in line with the requirements of the process. The feasibility and accuracy of the control system for the process of drawing and bending are verified. The four-axis bending track is clear and intuitionistic, and the control system has been put into production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG355.3;TP273

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：2288795