【摘要】：[目的]:隨著現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)信息技術的應用和滴灌技術日益的發(fā)展,新疆南北疆的設施農(nóng)業(yè)作物的推廣種植得到了快速崛起,然而絕大多數(shù)設施農(nóng)業(yè)的灌溉水和化肥施用沒有節(jié)制,浪費嚴重、利用率較低。如何提高水肥和土地資源的利用效率,實現(xiàn)作物精準灌溉施肥,成為當前新疆設施農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展進程中的一個難點和熱點。鑒于此,因地制宜的開發(fā)一套適合我國國情以及新疆本土的低成本、高效率、實用性的全自動水肥一體化系統(tǒng),結合黃沙基質栽培技術把該套系統(tǒng)應用在設施農(nóng)業(yè)作物栽培上,不僅成為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的需要,也成為帶動新疆以及兵團少數(shù)民族地區(qū)干旱生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關鍵。[方法]:該系統(tǒng)由控制中心、灌溉施肥系統(tǒng)、土壤墑情采集系統(tǒng)三大模塊構成。控制系統(tǒng)中心采用PLC(可編程控制器)技術和觸摸顯示屏技術相結合,通過觸摸顯示屏界面選擇水池和自來水兩種灌溉水源方式,設定手動和自動兩種水肥運行模式、水肥參數(shù),可實現(xiàn)水肥的定時定量以及自動化控制。灌溉施肥系統(tǒng)由兩個文丘里吸肥器、一個灌溉通道、兩個吸肥器控制電動球閥、四個灌溉電動球閥、潛水泵、離心泵、液位儀等PVC管件組成,采用電動球閥作為灌溉和施肥的開關控件結合文丘里吸肥器可均勻穩(wěn)定的實現(xiàn)四個溫室大棚相同作物或不同作物的水肥控制,同時針對不同作物各個時期水肥需求,制定匹配的灌溉與施肥方案。土壤墑情采集系統(tǒng)由土壤水分/EC為一體的傳感器、無線采集模塊、無線傳輸模塊三部分構成,這一模塊的設計可對作物根際灌溉水的含量和電導率精準控制和實時調節(jié)。[結果]:本文設計的基于PLC控制的全自動水肥一體化系統(tǒng),通過設定作物不同生育期的水肥參數(shù),N、P、K和微肥的比例,采用黃沙作為栽培基質與系統(tǒng)的結合,在新疆南北疆設施溫室大棚高產(chǎn)栽培種植項目上的應用實現(xiàn)了四座溫室大棚不同作物的水肥的精準控制。以PLC+觸摸屏為控制中心模塊,穩(wěn)定可靠;灌溉裝置采用獨立管道由PLC直接控制,通過觸摸顯示屏的按鍵一鍵啟動灌溉,當傳感器偵測到土壤容積含水量達到提前設置好的水分上線時,自動關閉灌溉模式;施肥裝置由兩條施肥通道與灌溉管路并聯(lián),可獨立開啟,通過監(jiān)測土壤EC值,控制肥料的用量,達到精準施肥的目的;水分/EC傳感器針對作物根部土壤水分以及EC值的動態(tài)監(jiān)測,可實現(xiàn)水肥定時定量供給和實時調控。無線采集模塊和傳輸模塊和傳感器的有效結合,并且將其優(yōu)化應用于整個系統(tǒng)中,提高了土壤數(shù)據(jù)采集的效率,實現(xiàn)真正精準灌溉施肥。通過新疆南北疆設施園區(qū)示范表明;通過作物不同生育期的灌溉參數(shù)、肥料配比、施肥參數(shù)的設計和控制,全自動水肥一體化系統(tǒng)控制下栽培的西瓜和番木瓜整個生育期基質容積含水量保持在10%~22%、15%~22.5%,EC值在0.32 m S/cm~1.25m S/cm、0.21m S/cm~1.15 m S/cm,實現(xiàn)了南疆皮山農(nóng)場設施園區(qū)西瓜及北疆伊犁誼群設施園區(qū)番木瓜在黃沙基質上的標準化高效栽培及水肥精準控制。
[Abstract]:[Objective] With the application of modern agricultural information technology and the development of drip irrigation technology, the popularization and planting of protected agricultural crops in northern and southern Xinjiang have been rapidly rising. However, most of the irrigation water and fertilizer application in protected agriculture are unrestrained, wasted seriously and the utilization rate is low. How to improve the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizer and land resources In view of this, it is necessary to develop a set of low-cost, high-efficiency and practical automatic water and fertilizer integration system suitable for China's national conditions as well as Xinjiang's local conditions. The system is applied to the establishment in combination with the cultivation techniques of yellow sand substrate. On the cultivation of agricultural crops, it is not only the need of modern agriculture development, but also the key to drive the sustainable development of arid eco-agriculture in Xinjiang and minority areas. Controller) technology and touch screen technology combined, through the touch screen interface selection pool and tap water two irrigation water sources, set manual and automatic two water and fertilizer operation modes, water and fertilizer parameters, can achieve water and fertilizer timing quantitative and automatic control. Two fertilizer suckers control electric ball valves, four irrigation electric ball valves, submersible pumps, centrifugal pumps, level meters and other PVC pipe components, using electric ball valves as irrigation and fertilization switching controls combined with Venturi fertilizer suckers can evenly and steadily achieve the same crop or different crop water and fertilizer control in four greenhouses, at the same time for different crops. Soil moisture acquisition system consists of three parts: soil moisture / EC sensor, wireless acquisition module and wireless transmission module. The design of this module can precisely control and real-time adjust the content and conductivity of crop rhizosphere irrigation water. The automatic water and fertilizer integration system based on PLC control realized the application of water and fertilizer in four greenhouse greenhouses of different crops by setting the water and fertilizer parameters of different growth stages, the ratio of N, P, K and micro-fertilizer, and the combination of yellow sand as the cultivation substrate and system. Precision control. PLC + touch screen is used as control center module, which is stable and reliable. The irrigation device is directly controlled by PLC through an independent pipe, and the irrigation is started by touching the button of the display screen. When the sensor detects that the soil volumetric water content reaches the pre-set water content, the irrigation mode is automatically closed. The channel can be opened in parallel with the irrigation pipeline independently, and the purpose of precise fertilization can be achieved by monitoring the EC value of soil and controlling the amount of fertilizer. The water/EC sensor can realize the timely and quantitative supply and real-time regulation of water and fertilizer for the dynamic monitoring of soil moisture and EC value of crop roots. Through the demonstration of the facility Park in the north and south of Xinjiang, it shows that through the design and control of irrigation parameters, fertilizer ratio, fertilizer parameters in different growth stages of crops, watermelon cultivated under the control of the automatic integrated water and fertilizer system. In the whole growth period, the volume water content of the substrate was maintained at 10%~22%, 15%~22.5%, EC value was 0.32 m S/cm~1.25 m S/cm, 0.21 m S/cm~1.15 m S/cm. The standardized cultivation of watermelon in the Facility Garden of Pishan Farm in South Xinjiang and the precision control of water and fertilizer in the Facility Garden of Yili Yiqun in North Xinjiang were realized.
【學位授予單位】：石河子大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP273;S365

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 劉現(xiàn);林營志;李傳輝;;基于PLC的自動灌溉控制系統(tǒng)設計[J];中國農(nóng)學通報;2017年03期

2 曾文果;蔣世雨;張永磊;吳慶干;楊鵬;黃兆波;楊彥鑫;;基于PLC的柑橘根部灌溉施肥控制系統(tǒng)的設計與研究[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2016年23期

3 陳潔;;使用梯形圖編程進行單片機應用系統(tǒng)開發(fā)[J];電世界;2016年09期

4 徐佳佳;;可編程程序控制器(PLC)在電器控制中的運用[J];企業(yè)技術開發(fā);2016年18期

5 陳卓;;可編程控制器PLC的發(fā)展趨勢綜述[J];電子世界;2016年01期

6 杜紅宇;宋力強;徐鴻;朱漢良;張艷秋;苗青;;基于PLC控制的精確農(nóng)業(yè)自動灌溉施肥系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2015年23期

7 阮俊瑾;趙偉時;董晨;李卓遠;;球混式精準灌溉施肥系統(tǒng)的設計與試驗[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學報;2015年S2期

8 劉永華;沈明霞;蔣小平;姜寬舒;馮琦;;水肥一體化灌溉施肥機吸肥器結構優(yōu)化與性能試驗[J];農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報;2015年11期

9 程志強;張俊杰;吳占清;霍治邦;張先亮;閆娜;;設施西瓜膜下微灌水肥一體化栽培技術示范[J];北方園藝;2015年05期

10 邢英英;張富倉;張燕;李靜;強生才;吳立峰;;滴灌施肥水肥耦合對溫室番茄產(chǎn)量、品質和水氮利用的影響[J];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學;2015年04期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 王欣;灌溉施肥一體化對設施番茄產(chǎn)量和水氮利用效率影響研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院;2012年

相關碩士學位論文 前5條

1 宋金龍;水肥一體化通用控制設備研發(fā)[D];東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學;2015年

2 王雅芳;一種全自動水肥一體化系統(tǒng)的設計與實現(xiàn)[D];石河子大學;2015年

3 周亮亮;溫室PLC模糊灌溉施肥控制系統(tǒng)研究[D];昆明理工大學;2013年

4 嚴昶;灌溉施肥自動化控制系統(tǒng)研究[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學;2008年

5 崔獻勇;和田地區(qū)維吾爾族生態(tài)文化保護研究[D];新疆師范大學;2005年

，

本文編號：2243696