【摘要】：隨著近些年具有感知、采集、存儲及處理數(shù)據(jù),以及無線通信功能的微型、低成本、低功耗、可編程傳感器設(shè)計及制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在更多的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)獲得了更為廣泛的應(yīng)用。而無線傳感網(wǎng)的大量應(yīng)用都要求網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各傳感器節(jié)點本地時鐘時間要相同,然而低成本的傳感器芯片片上晶振會受其自身及外在因素的干擾而發(fā)生頻率上的漂移,使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各節(jié)點本地時鐘之間會產(chǎn)生時間上的偏差,故設(shè)計并實施通信及計算負擔較小的同步協(xié)議有著十分重要的研究意義。本文旨在為各傳感器節(jié)點外部時鐘設(shè)計分布式同步協(xié)議,從而完成整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部的時鐘同步。本文在該研究領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的階段性成果如下:1.針對時變的時鐘斜率,建立了物理及虛擬時鐘斜率模型,并基于該模型設(shè)計了時鐘斜率及時鐘時間分布式同步協(xié)議,同時給出了算法中參數(shù)的普適性計算方法。2.通過結(jié)合濾波器及控制器的設(shè)計方法,在建立傳感器節(jié)點外部時鐘模型的基礎(chǔ)上,給出了能實現(xiàn)各節(jié)點外部時鐘時間及時間變化量同時同步的分布式協(xié)議。應(yīng)用該協(xié)議可使時鐘同步的實現(xiàn)對無線傳感網(wǎng)中節(jié)點晶振頻率的變動、數(shù)據(jù)的量測嗓聲、數(shù)據(jù)丟包,以及節(jié)點失效等具有魯棒性。3.本文中的分布式同步協(xié)議主要包括分布式同步算法的設(shè)計及應(yīng)用算法時通信機制的設(shè)計。算法中的輸入變量從理論上證明是工程上可獲得的,輸出變量也證明是工程上可實現(xiàn)的。所設(shè)計的通信機制使網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各節(jié)點可在不獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)外部時間的情況下,完成分布式算法的運行;并且,該通信機制能既能應(yīng)對網(wǎng)路中節(jié)點間同步通信的情況也能處理節(jié)點間為異步通信的情況。從而,保證了該文中分布式協(xié)議在工程上的實用性。4.本文為分布式同步算法設(shè)計了分布式停止協(xié)議,使同步算法能在有限時間內(nèi)結(jié)束,符合工程應(yīng)用且能節(jié)省能量。同時,還提出了對強連通有向拓撲圖具有普適性的時鐘同步維持算法。結(jié)合本文給出的時鐘同步獲取算法,停止協(xié)議及時鐘同步維持算法可形成具有節(jié)能特性的時鐘同步實現(xiàn)策略。5.理論上證明、分析了所提算法的有效性,并通過仿真實驗進行了數(shù)值驗證。
[Abstract]:With the development of micro, low cost, low power, programmable sensor design and manufacture technology with sensing, collecting, storing and processing data, and wireless communication function in recent years, Wireless sensor networks have been widely used in more fields. However, the local clock time of each sensor node in the wireless sensor network is the same. However, the low cost sensor chip wafer will drift in frequency due to the interference of its own and external factors. Therefore, it is of great significance to design and implement synchronization protocols with less communication and computational burden. The purpose of this paper is to design a distributed synchronization protocol for the external clock of each sensor node, so as to complete the clock synchronization in the whole network. The results of this paper in the field of research are as follows: 1. According to the time-varying clock slope, the physical and virtual clock slope models are established. Based on the model, the clock slope and clock time distributed synchronization protocol are designed, and the universal calculation method of the parameters in the algorithm is given. Based on the design method of filter and controller, a distributed protocol which can synchronize the external clock time and time variation of each node is presented based on the external clock model of sensor node. By using this protocol, the clock synchronization can improve the robustness of the wireless sensor network, such as changing the crystal frequency of the node, measuring the noise of the data, losing the packet of the data, and the node failure. The distributed synchronization protocol in this paper mainly includes the design of distributed synchronization algorithm and the design of communication mechanism when applying the algorithm. The input variables in the algorithm are proved to be engineering available theoretically and the output variables are also proved to be engineering realizable. The designed communication mechanism enables each node in the network to complete the operation of the distributed algorithm without obtaining the external time of the network. The communication mechanism can deal with the synchronous communication between nodes in the network and the asynchronous communication between nodes. Thus, it ensures the practicability of the distributed protocol in engineering. 4. In this paper, a distributed stop protocol is designed for the distributed synchronization algorithm, which makes the synchronization algorithm end in a limited time, which conforms to the engineering application and saves energy. At the same time, a clock synchronization maintenance algorithm with universality for strongly connected directed topology graphs is proposed. Combined with the clock synchronization acquisition algorithm presented in this paper, the stop-down protocol and the clock synchronization maintenance algorithm can form a clock synchronization implementation strategy with energy-saving characteristics .5. Theoretically, the validity of the proposed algorithm is analyzed, and the numerical results are verified by simulation experiments.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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本文編號：2223641