【摘要】：隨著近些年具有感知、采集、存儲(chǔ)及處理數(shù)據(jù),以及無(wú)線通信功能的微型、低成本、低功耗、可編程傳感器設(shè)計(jì)及制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展,無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在更多的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)獲得了更為廣泛的應(yīng)用。而無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)的大量應(yīng)用都要求網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)本地時(shí)鐘時(shí)間要相同,然而低成本的傳感器芯片片上晶振會(huì)受其自身及外在因素的干擾而發(fā)生頻率上的漂移,使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各節(jié)點(diǎn)本地時(shí)鐘之間會(huì)產(chǎn)生時(shí)間上的偏差,故設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)施通信及計(jì)算負(fù)擔(dān)較小的同步協(xié)議有著十分重要的研究意義。本文旨在為各傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)外部時(shí)鐘設(shè)計(jì)分布式同步協(xié)議,從而完成整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部的時(shí)鐘同步。本文在該研究領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的階段性成果如下:1.針對(duì)時(shí)變的時(shí)鐘斜率,建立了物理及虛擬時(shí)鐘斜率模型,并基于該模型設(shè)計(jì)了時(shí)鐘斜率及時(shí)鐘時(shí)間分布式同步協(xié)議,同時(shí)給出了算法中參數(shù)的普適性計(jì)算方法。2.通過(guò)結(jié)合濾波器及控制器的設(shè)計(jì)方法,在建立傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)外部時(shí)鐘模型的基礎(chǔ)上,給出了能實(shí)現(xiàn)各節(jié)點(diǎn)外部時(shí)鐘時(shí)間及時(shí)間變化量同時(shí)同步的分布式協(xié)議。應(yīng)用該協(xié)議可使時(shí)鐘同步的實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)中節(jié)點(diǎn)晶振頻率的變動(dòng)、數(shù)據(jù)的量測(cè)嗓聲、數(shù)據(jù)丟包,以及節(jié)點(diǎn)失效等具有魯棒性。3.本文中的分布式同步協(xié)議主要包括分布式同步算法的設(shè)計(jì)及應(yīng)用算法時(shí)通信機(jī)制的設(shè)計(jì)。算法中的輸入變量從理論上證明是工程上可獲得的,輸出變量也證明是工程上可實(shí)現(xiàn)的。所設(shè)計(jì)的通信機(jī)制使網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各節(jié)點(diǎn)可在不獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)外部時(shí)間的情況下,完成分布式算法的運(yùn)行;并且,該通信機(jī)制能既能應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)路中節(jié)點(diǎn)間同步通信的情況也能處理節(jié)點(diǎn)間為異步通信的情況。從而,保證了該文中分布式協(xié)議在工程上的實(shí)用性。4.本文為分布式同步算法設(shè)計(jì)了分布式停止協(xié)議,使同步算法能在有限時(shí)間內(nèi)結(jié)束,符合工程應(yīng)用且能節(jié)省能量。同時(shí),還提出了對(duì)強(qiáng)連通有向拓?fù)鋱D具有普適性的時(shí)鐘同步維持算法。結(jié)合本文給出的時(shí)鐘同步獲取算法,停止協(xié)議及時(shí)鐘同步維持算法可形成具有節(jié)能特性的時(shí)鐘同步實(shí)現(xiàn)策略。5.理論上證明、分析了所提算法的有效性,并通過(guò)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了數(shù)值驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:With the development of micro, low cost, low power, programmable sensor design and manufacture technology with sensing, collecting, storing and processing data, and wireless communication function in recent years, Wireless sensor networks have been widely used in more fields. However, the local clock time of each sensor node in the wireless sensor network is the same. However, the low cost sensor chip wafer will drift in frequency due to the interference of its own and external factors. Therefore, it is of great significance to design and implement synchronization protocols with less communication and computational burden. The purpose of this paper is to design a distributed synchronization protocol for the external clock of each sensor node, so as to complete the clock synchronization in the whole network. The results of this paper in the field of research are as follows: 1. According to the time-varying clock slope, the physical and virtual clock slope models are established. Based on the model, the clock slope and clock time distributed synchronization protocol are designed, and the universal calculation method of the parameters in the algorithm is given. Based on the design method of filter and controller, a distributed protocol which can synchronize the external clock time and time variation of each node is presented based on the external clock model of sensor node. By using this protocol, the clock synchronization can improve the robustness of the wireless sensor network, such as changing the crystal frequency of the node, measuring the noise of the data, losing the packet of the data, and the node failure. The distributed synchronization protocol in this paper mainly includes the design of distributed synchronization algorithm and the design of communication mechanism when applying the algorithm. The input variables in the algorithm are proved to be engineering available theoretically and the output variables are also proved to be engineering realizable. The designed communication mechanism enables each node in the network to complete the operation of the distributed algorithm without obtaining the external time of the network. The communication mechanism can deal with the synchronous communication between nodes in the network and the asynchronous communication between nodes. Thus, it ensures the practicability of the distributed protocol in engineering. 4. In this paper, a distributed stop protocol is designed for the distributed synchronization algorithm, which makes the synchronization algorithm end in a limited time, which conforms to the engineering application and saves energy. At the same time, a clock synchronization maintenance algorithm with universality for strongly connected directed topology graphs is proposed. Combined with the clock synchronization acquisition algorithm presented in this paper, the stop-down protocol and the clock synchronization maintenance algorithm can form a clock synchronization implementation strategy with energy-saving characteristics .5. Theoretically, the validity of the proposed algorithm is analyzed, and the numerical results are verified by simulation experiments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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本文編號(hào)：2223641