融合激光測距儀和慣導信息的移動機器人室內定位方法研究
[Abstract]:With the maturity of industrial robot technology, intelligent mobile robot has entered the stage of vigorous development, among which positioning technology is the key technology to solve the navigation of mobile robot and realize the full autonomous mobile robot. Compared with the mobile robot positioning in outdoor environment, the positioning accuracy in indoor environment is higher, and it is more difficult to achieve. Based on the two-wheel differential indoor mobile robot and laser rangefinder, micro-inertial measurement unit and encoder as the main sensors, this paper explores the indoor positioning scheme of the mobile robot in the known structured environment. Respectively from the theory and practice of the study. Firstly, the kinematics model of the two-wheel differential indoor mobile robot is established based on the mileage meter and the micro-inertial measurement unit, and an alignment algorithm for calculating the initial attitude of the robot is proposed to calculate the initial attitude of the robot when the indoor ground is uneven or tilted. Kalman filter is used to fuse the odometer and inertial navigation data, and the information of roll angle and pitch angle in the course of motion is introduced into the position updating algorithm, which is helpful to reduce the positioning error caused by the ground potholes, bumps or wheel skidding. Finally, based on the mileage meter, the micro inertial unit and the mileage / micro inertial combination, the correctness of the proposed position updating algorithm is verified. Secondly, aiming at the problem of over-segmentation and over-merging in data line segment segmentation of laser rangefinder, a line segment segmentation strategy based on Split-Merge framework is proposed, and Hough transform method is used to fit the arc feature. The features of lines and arcs in the environment are extracted successfully. Then, based on the extraction of environmental features, the initial localization scheme and dynamic localization scheme of indoor mobile robot are established. The initial location algorithm uses the complete line segment as the feature of map matching, and uses the micro-inertial device assisted laser rangefinder to locate. The simulation results of the optimized localization algorithm in dissimilar and symmetrical similar environments are satisfactory. The dynamic location scheme adopts the tight coupling method and uses the unscented Kalman filter as the combined positioning filter. The computation is reduced and the positioning accuracy is improved. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the combined positioning scheme. Finally, the indoor mobile robot experimental platform is built for the localization method studied in this paper, and the experimental research is carried out in two kinds of structured environments: dissimilar environment and symmetrical similar environment. The results show that the indoor mobile robot has achieved good localization effect in both environments, and the feature extraction algorithm can fit the line segment and arc feature of the environment correctly. With the addition of the initial alignment algorithm, the laser rangefinder can correctly identify the heading angle in the symmetrical similar environment, and the combined positioning scheme can correctly estimate the initial position and the trajectory of the robot in the course of motion.
【學位授予單位】:哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:TP242
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