【摘要】：激波管是壓力傳感器動(dòng)態(tài)標(biāo)定的常用裝置,激波速度的準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量是標(biāo)定壓力傳感器的重要參數(shù)。本文針對(duì)激波傳播速度測(cè)量裝置存在安裝結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、測(cè)量誤差大等不足,結(jié)合光幕探測(cè)測(cè)速技術(shù),對(duì)激波管測(cè)速方法進(jìn)行研究,提出了光探針測(cè)速方法。論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)激波管測(cè)速用光探針?lè)桨冈O(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)激波傳播理論和光幕探測(cè)測(cè)速原理設(shè)計(jì)了光探針傳感器,完成了光源與探測(cè)器件的選型,依據(jù)激波管的外形結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)了基于光纖傳輸?shù)墓庠磁c探測(cè)器件的安裝結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)高靈敏度、高頻率響應(yīng)特性信號(hào)處理電路設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)選擇的探測(cè)器件設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的信號(hào)探測(cè)電路和放大電路,實(shí)現(xiàn)激波穿過(guò)探測(cè)區(qū)域時(shí)探測(cè)器輸出信號(hào)的光電轉(zhuǎn)換、放大與驅(qū)動(dòng)等處理,最終輸出可被信號(hào)采集儀識(shí)別的過(guò)幕信號(hào)。(3)激波過(guò)幕時(shí)刻信號(hào)提取方法研究。研究了微弱信號(hào)處理算法中小波變換奇異點(diǎn)檢測(cè)法對(duì)激波信號(hào)特征時(shí)刻的提取,獲得激波穿過(guò)兩路光探針探測(cè)視場(chǎng)的時(shí)間,計(jì)算出激波的傳播速度。(4)搭建光探針測(cè)速裝置進(jìn)行相關(guān)驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)。依據(jù)光探針測(cè)速總體設(shè)計(jì)方案在實(shí)驗(yàn)室通過(guò)控制光源光能量發(fā)生變化模擬激波穿過(guò)光探針光幕時(shí)的物理變化過(guò)程,檢驗(yàn)信號(hào)處理電路的響應(yīng)特性,采用小波奇異點(diǎn)檢測(cè)法提取兩路信號(hào)特征時(shí)刻點(diǎn),計(jì)算出兩路信號(hào)之間的時(shí)間值。通過(guò)對(duì)研制的光探針進(jìn)行模擬試驗(yàn),結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:Shock tube is a commonly used device for dynamic calibration of pressure sensor. Accurate measurement of shock velocity is an important parameter in calibrating pressure sensor. Aiming at the problems of complex installation structure and large measurement error of shock wave velocity measuring device, this paper studies the method of shock wave tube velocimetry combined with light screen detection and velocimetry technology, and puts forward the method of optical probe velocimetry. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the design of optical probe for shock tube velocimetry. The light probe sensor is designed according to the shock wave propagation theory and the principle of detecting the velocities of the light screen. The selection of the light source and the detector is completed. According to the shape structure of shock tube, the installation structure of light source and detector based on optical fiber transmission is designed. (2) the signal processing circuit with high sensitivity and high frequency response characteristic is designed. According to the selected detector, the corresponding signal detection circuit and amplifying circuit are designed to realize the photoelectric conversion, amplification and drive processing of the output signal of the detector when the shock wave passes through the detection area. The final output signal can be recognized by the signal collector. (3) Research on the method of extracting shock wave signal. In this paper, the wavelet transform singularity detection method of weak signal processing algorithm is studied to extract the characteristic time of shock signal, and the time of shock wave passing through two optical probes to detect the field of view is obtained. The propagation velocity of shock wave is calculated. (4) the optical probe velocimetry device is built to carry out the related verification test. According to the overall design scheme of optical probe velocimetry, the physical process of shock wave passing through the light screen of light probe is simulated by controlling the change of light energy of light source in laboratory, and the response characteristics of signal processing circuit are tested. The characteristic time points of two signals are extracted by using wavelet singularity detection method, and the time values between two signals are calculated. The feasibility of the design is verified by the simulation test of the developed optical probe.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP212

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