【摘要】：隨著國(guó)內(nèi)公路建設(shè)的快速發(fā)展,隧道數(shù)量也在逐年增多。隧道作為特殊的公路路段,其內(nèi)的光線亮度與外界相差甚大。因此,需要在其內(nèi)部安裝照明設(shè)施,以減少駕駛員進(jìn)出隧道時(shí)引起的視覺(jué)問(wèn)題,從而保證行車人員的安全。目前,大多數(shù)的隧道照明控制系統(tǒng)采用的是時(shí)序分級(jí)控制法,該方法是根據(jù)不同時(shí)段的照明預(yù)案對(duì)隧道照明回路的邏輯開(kāi)關(guān)進(jìn)行控制的,照明值的設(shè)定均以設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的最大值來(lái)考慮,無(wú)法依據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)環(huán)境參數(shù)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)合理地調(diào)節(jié)隧道內(nèi)的照明亮度,不僅給行車人員帶來(lái)安全隱患,還造成了一定程度的能源浪費(fèi)。因此,針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)照明控制系統(tǒng)存在的能耗大、適應(yīng)性差、安全性低、智能化程度低等問(wèn)題,本文以“按需照明”為理念、節(jié)能為宗旨、新型照明調(diào)光技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ),構(gòu)建一套基于STM32的隧道照明智能控制系統(tǒng),重點(diǎn)圍繞智能控制和節(jié)能兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究。具體工作如下:首先,本文從隧道照明的相關(guān)技術(shù)出發(fā),對(duì)比分析無(wú)極燈、鈉燈和LED燈三種常見(jiàn)的隧道照明裝置,并介紹隧道照明中手動(dòng)、自動(dòng)、智能三種控制技術(shù),同時(shí)列舉目前常用的照明調(diào)光技術(shù)和信號(hào)傳輸方式,并對(duì)比分析各自的原理及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),從而引出本文所設(shè)系統(tǒng)所需的節(jié)能控制技術(shù)。其次,針對(duì)大長(zhǎng)隧道,本文從總體結(jié)構(gòu)上對(duì)隧道照明系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析與設(shè)計(jì):將系統(tǒng)分為監(jiān)控中心和控制中心,重點(diǎn)采用分層思想將控制中心分為主控制器、調(diào)光控制器和LED控制器,并對(duì)各部分之間的通信方式和系統(tǒng)的控制方式進(jìn)行選擇與分析。同時(shí)對(duì)系統(tǒng)的控制策略進(jìn)行研究:依據(jù)《公路隧道照明設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)則》中的設(shè)計(jì)要求,結(jié)合模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制算法,建立以隧道洞外亮度、過(guò)往車輛的車速及車流量為輸入?yún)?shù),以隧道照明調(diào)光值為輸出的控制模型,并對(duì)該模型的控制效果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。最后,針對(duì)所設(shè)系統(tǒng)的控制單元進(jìn)行詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)。主要以STM32為主控芯片進(jìn)行主控制器、調(diào)光控制器、LED控制器的設(shè)計(jì)。其中主控制器用于接收洞外亮度、車速及車流量等實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù),并經(jīng)過(guò)控制算法的處理,輸出照明調(diào)光信號(hào);調(diào)光控制器,接收主控制器下發(fā)的調(diào)光指令,制定相應(yīng)的調(diào)光策略,進(jìn)一步輸出調(diào)光指令;LED控制器接收調(diào)光控制器下發(fā)的調(diào)光指令,驅(qū)動(dòng)LED照明裝置,完成隧道照明調(diào)光任務(wù),實(shí)現(xiàn)“按需照明”,達(dá)到節(jié)能目的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of highway construction in China, the number of tunnels is increasing year by year. As a special road section, the light intensity of the tunnel is very different from that of the outside world. Therefore, it is necessary to install lighting facilities inside the tunnel to reduce the visual problems caused by drivers entering and leaving the tunnel, so as to ensure the safety of the driver. At present, most tunnel lighting control systems adopt the sequential hierarchical control method, which controls the logic switch of the tunnel lighting circuit according to the lighting plan of different periods. The lighting value is set by the maximum value of the design parameter, which can not adjust the lighting brightness dynamically and reasonably according to the real-time environmental parameters, which not only brings safety hidden trouble to the driver, but also results in a certain degree of energy waste. Therefore, in view of the problems existing in the traditional lighting control system, such as large energy consumption, poor adaptability, low security and low intelligence, this paper is based on the idea of "lighting on demand", energy saving and new lighting dimming technology. An intelligent control system of tunnel lighting based on STM32 is constructed, focusing on intelligent control and energy saving. The specific work is as follows: firstly, this paper compares and analyzes three common tunnel lighting devices, such as pole lamp, sodium lamp and LED lamp, and introduces three kinds of control technologies, namely manual, automatic and intelligent, based on the related technology of tunnel lighting. At the same time, the common lighting dimming technology and signal transmission methods are listed, and their principles, advantages and disadvantages are compared and analyzed, thus leading to the energy saving control technology needed by the system in this paper. Secondly, this paper analyzes and designs the tunnel lighting system from the overall structure: the system is divided into the monitoring center and the control center, and the control center is divided into the main controller with the idea of stratification. Dimming controller and LED controller are selected and analyzed. At the same time, the control strategy of the system is studied: according to the design requirements of "Highway Tunnel Lighting Design rules", combined with the fuzzy neural network control algorithm, the input parameters are the brightness of the tunnel outside the tunnel, the speed and the flow rate of passing vehicles. The control model of tunnel lighting dimming value is taken as the output, and the control effect of the model is verified. Finally, the control unit of the system is designed in detail. STM32 is used as the main control chip to design the main controller and the dimming controller to design the LED controller. The main controller is used to receive real-time data such as luminance, speed and vehicle flow rate, and output dimming signal by the control algorithm, and dimming controller receives dimming instructions from the main controller and formulates the corresponding dimming strategy. Further output dimming instruction LED controller receives dimming instruction from dimming controller, drives LED lighting device, completes tunnel lighting dimming task, realizes "lighting on demand" and achieves energy saving purpose.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U453.7;TP273

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