本文選題：前向散射 + 低濃度顆粒物��； 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展,工業(yè)化發(fā)展進(jìn)度世界名列前茅,但是隨之而來(lái)的是各種環(huán)境問(wèn)題日益加劇,特別是近幾年一直處于風(fēng)口浪尖的霧霾天氣越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重,而產(chǎn)生霧霾的主要元兇就是顆粒物的排放,因此顆粒物的排放及監(jiān)測(cè)越來(lái)越受到全社會(huì)的重視。在此嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境下,環(huán)保部頒發(fā)了嚴(yán)格的最新火電廠大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB13223-2011),有些霧霾嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)甚至特別對(duì)待,排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)較其他地方還要嚴(yán)格許多,可以稱為超低濃度排放也叫“近零排放”。但是如何監(jiān)測(cè)這種超低濃度的顆粒物,這對(duì)環(huán)保監(jiān)測(cè)行業(yè)提出嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。本文就超低排放煙塵顆粒物濃度連續(xù)在線監(jiān)測(cè)這一課題進(jìn)行探討,首先介紹了顆粒物濃度檢測(cè)各種技術(shù),分析對(duì)比其各自優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),確定激光前向散射原理作為核心理論依據(jù),并選取λ=630nm波長(zhǎng)的紅光作為散射光源的方法。其次,介紹了散射理論,濃度反演原理及如何實(shí)現(xiàn)超低排放下的連續(xù)在線監(jiān)測(cè)。再者設(shè)計(jì)了系統(tǒng)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu),采樣預(yù)處理過(guò)程及軟件控制系統(tǒng)與人機(jī)操作系統(tǒng),其中系統(tǒng)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)要滿足防水、防腐蝕,系統(tǒng)高度集中,便于拆卸安裝等要求;采樣預(yù)處理過(guò)程主要要滿足等速采樣流量控制,煙氣預(yù)熱及保溫等,介紹了系統(tǒng)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)流量測(cè)量與等速采樣及預(yù)熱條件,溫度控制等;軟件控制主要包括介紹如何用PLC(可編程邏輯控制器)控制系統(tǒng)的采樣/反吹切換,溫度控制、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,參數(shù)報(bào)警等;人機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)主要是為了方便現(xiàn)場(chǎng)顯示及操作整機(jī)系統(tǒng),采用WinCC flexible 2008(Windows Control Center;視窗控制中心)組態(tài)軟件編譯了一組系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)畫(huà)面。最后將系統(tǒng)實(shí)際應(yīng)用到華北某火電廠,將現(xiàn)場(chǎng)系統(tǒng)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)與環(huán)保局測(cè)定數(shù)據(jù)比對(duì),完成“168試運(yùn)行”,驗(yàn)證了系統(tǒng)的可行性、穩(wěn)定性與準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the highest progress of industrialization in the world, however, with the rapid development of the world, the environmental problems have become increasingly serious, especially the smog weather, which has been at the forefront of the storm in recent years. The main culprit of haze is the emission of particulate matter, so the emission and monitoring of particulate matter are paid more and more attention by the whole society. In this harsh environment, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has issued a strict latest standard for the emission of atmospheric pollutants from thermal power plants, GB13223-20111.Some areas with severe smog are even given special treatment, and the emission standards are much more stringent than in other places. Can be called ultra low concentration emissions, also known as "near zero emissions." However, how to monitor these ultra-low concentrations of particulate matter poses a serious challenge to environmental protection monitoring industry. In this paper, the continuous on-line monitoring of the concentration of particulates from ultra-low emission soot is discussed. Firstly, various techniques of particle concentration detection are introduced, their respective advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and compared, and the principle of laser forward scattering is determined as the core theoretical basis. The red light at 630nm is selected as the scattering light source. Secondly, the scattering theory, concentration inversion principle and how to realize continuous on-line monitoring under ultra-low emission are introduced. Furthermore, the mechanical structure of the system, the process of sampling and preprocessing, the software control system and the man-machine operating system are designed, in which the mechanical structure of the system should meet the requirements of waterproofing, corrosion resistance, high concentration of the system, easy to disassemble and install, etc. The preprocessing process of sampling is mainly to satisfy the constant sampling flow control, flue gas preheating and heat preservation. This paper introduces how the system can realize the flow measurement and isokinetic sampling and preheating conditions, temperature control and so on. Software control mainly includes how to use PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) to control the sampling / backblow switching, temperature control, data transmission, parameter alarm and so on. A set of system monitoring pictures is compiled with WinCC flexible 2008 Windows Control Center (Windows Control Center) configuration software. Finally, the system is applied to a thermal power plant in North China. The system data are compared with the data measured by the Environmental Protection Bureau, and the "168 trial operation" is completed, which verifies the feasibility, stability and accuracy of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X831;TM621;TP274

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本文編號(hào)：1983977