本文選題：懸浮顆粒　切入點：激光散射法　出處：《哈爾濱理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著中國工業(yè)化的快速發(fā)展,空氣污染越來越嚴(yán)重,環(huán)境污染指數(shù)中懸浮顆粒濃度過高嚴(yán)重危害到人類的健康,因此對環(huán)境中懸浮顆粒的監(jiān)測勢在必行。本文針對國內(nèi)懸浮顆粒檢測儀器的現(xiàn)狀和實際需求,結(jié)合國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有的懸浮顆粒檢測理論和方法,研究了基于激光散射法懸浮顆粒濃度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),并通過測試實驗驗證了系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)確性。首先,本文分析了懸浮顆粒物取樣法和非取樣法兩大類方法監(jiān)測儀器的工作原理。在Mie散射理論的基礎(chǔ)上,闡述了光散射法測量懸浮顆粒濃度的工作原理,利用MATLAB模擬仿真了入射光波長、懸浮顆粒粒徑、懸浮顆粒折射率對散射光強度分布的影響;以Mie散射理論為基礎(chǔ)建立了懸浮顆粒物濃度計算的數(shù)學(xué)模型,對初始分布服從Johnson-SB函數(shù)分布的懸浮顆粒運用遺傳尋優(yōu)算法理論反演懸浮顆粒物粒徑分布,仿真結(jié)果表明數(shù)學(xué)模型的正確性和可靠性。其次,設(shè)計了基于激光散射法懸浮顆粒濃度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)和檢測電路。根據(jù)Mie散射原理和監(jiān)測環(huán)境要求,完成了光路子系統(tǒng)中半導(dǎo)體激光器、透鏡組、孔徑光闌和氣路采樣子系統(tǒng)中加熱管、進氣道、氣壓傳感器、氣泵與氣體過濾器等主體設(shè)計;在系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)上,對懸浮顆粒物濃度檢測的硬件電路進行設(shè)計,完成系統(tǒng)的整體搭建。最后,對基于激光散射法懸浮顆粒濃度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)進行了系統(tǒng)測試。系統(tǒng)測試環(huán)境為封閉式試驗箱,采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稱重法與基于激光散射法懸浮顆粒濃度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)測試結(jié)果進行了對比實驗研究,對PM2.5和PM10兩種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)顆粒的各100組檢測數(shù)據(jù)進行相關(guān)性分析。相關(guān)性分析表明兩種方法測量數(shù)據(jù)的相關(guān)性較高,沒有明顯差異;運用MATLAB對兩種方法測量數(shù)據(jù)建立線性回歸方程進行數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果修正,提高了測量數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性。分析了基于激光散射法懸浮顆粒濃度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)測量的誤差原因并提出解決方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's industrialization, air pollution is becoming more and more serious, and the high concentration of suspended particles in the environmental pollution index is seriously harmful to human health. Therefore, it is imperative to monitor the suspended particles in the environment. According to the present situation and actual demand of the domestic suspended particle detection instruments, this paper combines the existing theories and methods of suspended particle detection at home and abroad. The concentration monitoring system of suspended particles based on laser scattering method is studied, and the accuracy of the system is verified by testing experiments. In this paper, the working principle of two kinds of monitoring instruments, the sampling method of suspended particulates and the method of non-sampling, are analyzed. Based on the Mie scattering theory, the working principle of the light scattering method for measuring the concentration of suspended particles is expounded. The influence of incident light wave length, suspended particle size and refractive index of suspended particle on the intensity distribution of scattering light is simulated by MATLAB. Based on the Mie scattering theory, a mathematical model for calculating the concentration of suspended particle is established. The particle size distribution of suspended particles with initial distribution from Johnson-SB function distribution is inversed by genetic optimization algorithm. The simulation results show that the mathematical model is correct and reliable. The hardware structure and detection circuit of suspension particle concentration monitoring system based on laser scattering method are designed. According to the principle of Mie scattering and the requirements of monitoring environment, semiconductor lasers and lens sets in optical path subsystem are completed. The heating pipe, inlet port, air pressure sensor, air pump and gas filter in the aperture aperture and gas sampling subsystem are designed, and the hardware circuit for the concentration detection of suspended particulates is designed on the basis of the hardware structure design of the system. Finally, the system is tested based on laser scattering method. The test environment is a closed test chamber. The test results of the standard weighing method and the laser scattering method based on the suspension particle concentration monitoring system are compared and studied. The correlation analysis of each group of PM2.5 and PM10 standard particles showed that the correlation between the two methods was high, and there was no significant difference between the two methods. Using MATLAB to establish linear regression equation for two methods of measuring data, the data result is corrected. The accuracy of the measurement data is improved, and the error causes of the data measurement based on the laser scattering method are analyzed and the solutions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP274

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