本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于PLC控制的養(yǎng)殖場氨氣生物氧化裝置的研發(fā)　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 養(yǎng)殖場 氨氣減排 生物氧化裝置 人機(jī)交互界面 可編程邏輯控制器

【摘要】：隨著我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)規(guī)�；�、集約化和專業(yè)化的水平不斷提高,畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境污染問題也日趨嚴(yán)重,尤其是畜禽養(yǎng)殖場產(chǎn)生惡臭氣體對大氣環(huán)境的影響。養(yǎng)殖場中的惡臭氣體不僅對人類和畜禽健康產(chǎn)生影響,而且會對養(yǎng)殖場和養(yǎng)殖場周圍環(huán)境產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的破壞。隨著國家有關(guān)環(huán)保的各項(xiàng)法律法規(guī)的不斷完善和落實(shí),養(yǎng)殖場惡臭氣體的減排工作越來越被重視,因此養(yǎng)殖場惡臭物質(zhì)生物氧化裝置的設(shè)計(jì)與研究具有重要的意義。本文設(shè)計(jì)了一款基于生物法除臭技術(shù)與PLC控制技術(shù)的養(yǎng)殖場氨氣生物氧化裝置,生物法相對于傳統(tǒng)除臭技術(shù)具有成本低、不易產(chǎn)生二次污染、除臭效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)受到國內(nèi)外普遍關(guān)注。PLC控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)主要包含硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)、PLC軟件與人機(jī)交互界面設(shè)計(jì)兩方面的內(nèi)容。其中硬件系統(tǒng)以臺達(dá)DVP32ES200RPLC為控制單元,搭配各類傳感器(溫濕度、pH等),采用臺達(dá)公司DOP-B10S411型人機(jī)界面作為控制系統(tǒng)上位機(jī);軟件系統(tǒng)基于梯形圖語言采用臺達(dá)公司為自身產(chǎn)品開發(fā)的PLC開發(fā)工具WPLSoft軟件開發(fā),系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的采集、處理以及顯示存儲等功能。(1)本文首先在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中完成小式裝置實(shí)驗(yàn),小式裝置運(yùn)行2個月完成生物填料的選擇以及專有微生物菌群的培養(yǎng)及馴化,生物氧化裝置填料選用火山石填料和聚氨酯填料兩種填料作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明火山石填料和聚氨酯填料的氨氮去除效率都能可以達(dá)到85%左右,但是火山石填料的氨氮轉(zhuǎn)換效率僅為60%左右,聚氨酯填料的氨氮轉(zhuǎn)換率可以達(dá)到75%。通過比較兩種填料的物理特性及性價比,本生物氧化裝置的填料選用聚氨酯填料。(2)本生物氧化裝置的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)部分具有良好的人機(jī)交互界面(HMI),操作簡單方便,用戶可以在工業(yè)顯示屏上非常方便的查看整體裝置的運(yùn)行情況以及各個監(jiān)控參數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)、修改控制時間以及被控對象的啟停。(3)針對養(yǎng)殖場氨氣污染排放規(guī)律,結(jié)合養(yǎng)殖場豬舍通風(fēng)實(shí)際情況,完成養(yǎng)殖場中式示范裝置設(shè)計(jì),生物氧化裝置采用通風(fēng)管道與豬舍相連,生物氧化裝置有獨(dú)立的風(fēng)機(jī),不受豬舍風(fēng)機(jī)的影響。完成設(shè)計(jì)后在北京市昌平區(qū)北京原種豬場進(jìn)行了中式裝置的示范搭建,完成搭建后通過長期實(shí)驗(yàn)和連續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證其處理效果。運(yùn)行結(jié)果表明:實(shí)施監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)期間,豬舍內(nèi)氨氣體積分?jǐn)?shù)在1.0×10-5~3.0×10-5晝夜波動,該生物氧化裝置的氨氣去除率可達(dá)到90%左右。本生物氧化裝置中式裝置是國內(nèi)首次將生物法除臭技術(shù)應(yīng)用于養(yǎng)殖場現(xiàn)場臭氣處理,并達(dá)到很好的預(yù)期效果。本裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)反應(yīng)器環(huán)境參數(shù)實(shí)時監(jiān)測與控制,提高了整個裝置的控制能力,有效的降低了系統(tǒng)的故障和維護(hù)費(fèi)用,并減少了養(yǎng)殖場工作人員接觸污染物的機(jī)會,改善了養(yǎng)殖場空氣環(huán)境,有效的避免了二次污染的產(chǎn)生,且整個裝置具有操作簡單、運(yùn)行安全可靠、運(yùn)行成本低等特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:With the scale, intensive and professional level of livestock and poultry breeding in China, the environmental pollution caused by livestock and poultry breeding is becoming more and more serious. Especially the effect of odor gas produced by livestock and poultry farms on the atmospheric environment. The odor gases in livestock farms not only affect the health of human beings and livestock and poultry. With the continuous improvement and implementation of national laws and regulations on environmental protection, more and more attention has been paid to the emission reduction of odor gas in farms. Therefore, it is of great significance to design and study the biological oxidation device of odor substances in farm. This paper designed a biological oxidation device of ammonia gas based on biological deodorization technology and PLC control technology. Compared with the traditional deodorization technology, biological method has the advantages of low cost, not easy to produce secondary pollution, high deodorization efficiency and so on. The design of PLC control system mainly includes hardware circuit design. PLC software and human-computer interface design, in which the hardware system uses Delta DVP32ES200RPLC as the control unit, with a variety of sensors (temperature, humidity, pH, etc.). The DOP-B10S411 man-machine interface of Delta Company is used as the upper computer of the control system. The software system is based on trapezoidal diagram language. The software is developed by WPLSoft, a PLC development tool developed by Delta Company for its own products. The system realizes data acquisition. Processing and display storage and other functions. (1) this paper first completed the small device experiment in the laboratory, the small device operation for 2 months to complete the selection of biological fillers, and the cultivation and acclimation of the specific microbial flora. The experimental results show that the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency of volcanic stone filler and polyurethane filler can reach about 85%. But the ammonia-nitrogen conversion efficiency of volcanic rock filler is only about 60%, and the ammonia nitrogen conversion rate of polyurethane filler can reach 75. By comparing the physical characteristics and performance-price ratio of the two fillers. The filler of the biological oxidation unit is polyurethane filler. 2) the monitoring system part of the biological oxidation unit has a good man-machine interaction interface and the operation is simple and convenient. Users can easily view the operation of the whole device and the data of each monitoring parameter on the industrial display screen. Modify the control time and the controlled object start and stop. 3) aiming at the ammonia pollution emission law of the farm, combined with the actual situation of pig house ventilation in the farm, the design of the Chinese demonstration device of the farm is completed. The biological oxidation unit is connected with the pig house by ventilation ducts, and the biological oxidation unit has an independent fan. After the completion of the design, the demonstration of the Chinese plant was carried out at the Beijing original pig farm in Changping District, Beijing. After the completion of the construction through long-term experiments and continuous experiments to verify the effectiveness of the treatment. The results of the operation show that: the implementation of monitoring experiments during the period. The volume fraction of ammonia in the pigsty fluctuated from 1.0 脳 10 ~ (-5) to 3.0 脳 10 ~ (-5) day and night. The ammonia removal rate of the biological oxidation unit can reach about 90%. The biological deodorization technology is the first time that the biological deodorization technology has been applied to the field odor treatment of the farm in China. This device realizes the real-time monitoring and control of the reactor environmental parameters, improves the control ability of the whole device, and effectively reduces the system failure and maintenance costs. And reduce the chance of contact with pollutants, improve the air environment of the farm, effectively avoid the secondary pollution, and the whole device has simple operation, safe and reliable operation. Low operating cost and other characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X713;TP273

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