本文關(guān)鍵詞：棉田滴灌自動控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計　出處：《石河子大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 控制決策 單片機 自動控制 模糊控制 棉田灌溉

【摘要】：自動化的節(jié)水灌溉系統(tǒng)是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的代表性技術(shù),通過智能控制,滿足植物在不同生長環(huán)境和時期的水肥需求,在節(jié)約水資源,減少環(huán)境污染的同時,降低勞動力投入,提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效益,促進農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本研究針對新疆棉花生長的不同時期對需水量和水肥施放量的需求展開研究,考慮棉田滴灌模式,進行了控制系統(tǒng)的整體方案設(shè)計,完成了以8051F410芯片為核心控制器,基于ZigBee無線通訊,土壤水分、管道流量等參數(shù)在線檢測的自動化節(jié)水灌溉模糊控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計,該系統(tǒng)可將灌溉作業(yè)的相關(guān)信息傳輸給上位機及云端數(shù)據(jù)庫進行存儲和查詢,以便使用者能夠依據(jù)灌區(qū)作業(yè)情況及時調(diào)整模糊控制參數(shù)設(shè)置,提高系統(tǒng)對棉田復雜環(huán)境的適應性,節(jié)約水資源。論文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)完成了系統(tǒng)的總體方案設(shè)計確定了以PC機為上位機監(jiān)控平臺,單片機為下位機控制器芯片的總體框架,上位機監(jiān)控平臺主要實現(xiàn)人機交互,包括控制指令發(fā)送和數(shù)據(jù)查詢與存儲;下位機主要實現(xiàn)信息采集、發(fā)送,控制決策生成和指令執(zhí)行;節(jié)點之間基于ZigBee通信。(2)完成了水分及水肥耦合二維模糊邏輯控制器設(shè)計和仿真選擇棉花生長的關(guān)鍵階段蕾期為主要研究階段,以棉株生長的0.5米土層水分控制在60-70%為目標,設(shè)計了以土壤水分偏差E和土壤水分偏差變化率?E系統(tǒng)的為輸入變量,灌水時間T為輸出變量的二維模糊邏輯控制器;考慮水肥耦合作用,相仿地設(shè)計了水肥耦合二維模糊邏輯控制器,進行模糊控制器的設(shè)計;考慮棉花種苗至出苗期、苗期、開花結(jié)鈴期等和生長階段對水肥的需求不同,在上位機設(shè)計了水肥控制參數(shù)的上下限設(shè)置模塊�；贛atlab生成了模糊控制查詢表,通過Simulink模塊進行了模糊控制仿真,結(jié)果表明,系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過20s的震蕩逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定,該條件下灌水時間需150min。(3)完成了上位機和下位機設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)進行了上位機硬件配置,利用Java Web技術(shù)完成上位機和云端MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫的設(shè)計,上位機軟件功能模塊包括:顯示與查詢、本地和云端數(shù)據(jù)庫、參數(shù)設(shè)置、控制接口。進行了下位機硬件和軟件設(shè)計,硬件系統(tǒng)核心板選用8051F410單片機,完成模糊控制決策,各閥控節(jié)點實時采集土壤水分、管道流量及電磁閥啟閉狀態(tài)等數(shù)據(jù),通過ZigBee實現(xiàn)主控與節(jié)點及節(jié)點之間的通信,控制電磁閥動作,實現(xiàn)滴灌自動控制;最后,完成了控制器程序代碼的編寫和元器件的選型及電路設(shè)計。開發(fā)了基于模糊邏輯的智能灌溉控制系統(tǒng)。(4)完成了系統(tǒng)安裝調(diào)試,進行了傳感器的測試和控制系統(tǒng)的田間試驗。水分傳感器測試值與標準檢測儀測試值的最帶偏差為0.5%,平均偏差為0.27%,表明傳感器選型正確,控制系統(tǒng)能夠依據(jù)土壤水分需求適時啟閉灌溉電磁閥,穩(wěn)定可靠運行。
[Abstract]:Automatic water-saving irrigation system is the representative technology of modern agricultural production. Through intelligent control, it can meet the water and fertilizer demand of plants in different growing environments and periods, while saving water resources and reducing environmental pollution. Reduce labor input, improve the efficiency of agricultural production, promote the sustainable development of agricultural production. Considering the drip irrigation mode in cotton field, the overall scheme of the control system is designed. The 8051F410 chip is used as the core controller, based on ZigBee wireless communication, soil moisture. The fuzzy control system for automatic water-saving irrigation is designed, which can transmit the relevant information of irrigation operation to the host computer and cloud database for storage and query. In order to improve the adaptability of the system to the complex environment of cotton field, the users can adjust the fuzzy control parameters in time according to the operation situation of irrigation area. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the overall scheme design of the system is completed. The overall frame of the system is established with PC as the monitoring platform and MCU as the lower computer controller chip. The host computer monitoring platform mainly realizes man-machine interaction, including control instruction sending and data query and storage. The lower computer mainly realizes the information collection, the transmission, the control decision generation and the instruction execution; Based on the ZigBee communication between nodes, the design and simulation of 2-D fuzzy logic controller for water and water fertilizer coupling were completed. The key stage of cotton growth was selected as the main research stage. The soil moisture deviation E and the variation rate of soil moisture deviation were designed to control the soil moisture content of 0.5 meters of cotton plant at 60-70%. Two-dimensional fuzzy logic controller of E system with input variable and irrigation time T as output variable; Considering the coupling effect of water and fertilizer, the 2-D fuzzy logic controller of water and fertilizer coupling is designed, and the fuzzy controller is designed. Different water and fertilizer requirements were considered from seedling to emergence stage, seedling stage, flowering and boll stage, and growth stage. The upper and lower limit setting module of the control parameters of water and fertilizer is designed on the upper computer. The fuzzy control query table is generated based on Matlab, and the simulation of fuzzy control is carried out through the Simulink module. The results show that. After 20 s of oscillation, the system tends to be stable, under this condition, the irrigation time needs 150 min. 3) completed the design and implementation of the upper computer and the lower computer hardware configuration. Using Java Web technology to complete the design of host computer and cloud MySQL database. The function module of upper computer software includes: display and query, local and cloud database, parameter setting. Control interface. The hardware and software of the lower computer are designed. 8051F410 single chip microcomputer is selected as the core board of the hardware system. The fuzzy control decision is completed and the soil moisture is collected in real time by each valve control node. Through the data of pipeline flow and solenoid valve opening and closing, the communication between main control and node and node is realized by ZigBee, the operation of solenoid valve is controlled, and drip irrigation is automatically controlled. Finally, the programming of controller program, the selection of components and circuit design are completed. The intelligent irrigation control system based on fuzzy logic is developed. The test results of the sensor and the field test of the control system show that the maximum deviation between the water sensor and the standard detector is 0.5, and the average deviation is 0.27, which indicates that the sensor selection is correct. The control system can open and close the irrigation solenoid valve according to the soil moisture requirement and operate stably and reliably.
【學位授予單位】：石河子大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S562;TP273

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