本文關(guān)鍵詞：活性污泥數(shù)學(xué)模型ASM1及ASM3在MBR和DE型氧化溝中的應(yīng)用研究，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

        我國已建高速公路沿線服務(wù)區(qū)和收費站大多都建設(shè)了以生物處理為主要單元的污水處理設(shè)施,其生物處理工藝包括接觸氧化法、活性污泥法、生物膜法、序批式反應(yīng)器（SBR）等,科學(xué)合理地模擬和監(jiān)控這些污水處理設(shè)施的運行對保障出水水質(zhì)穩(wěn)定達標(biāo)及節(jié)約運行成本具有重要意義。在世界范圍內(nèi),利用數(shù)學(xué)模型對活性污泥工藝進行模擬已成為當(dāng)今污水廠設(shè)計和運行控制的重要內(nèi)容。國外關(guān)于這方面的研究很多,并產(chǎn)生不少的模型,國際水協(xié)（International Water Association, IWA）ASM（Activated Sludge Models）模型的推出,在國際上引起了廣泛關(guān)注并成為研究熱點。本論文回顧了活性污泥數(shù)學(xué)模型由Monod模式、Eckenflder模型、McKinney模型、Lawrence-McCarty模型到Andrews模型、WRc模型、IWA的ASM模型的發(fā)展歷程及活性污泥數(shù)學(xué)模型在國內(nèi)外的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀,并對污水處理系統(tǒng)的計算機模擬軟件SSSP、EFOR、GPS-X、WEST進行了簡要介紹。建立了污水生物處理完全混合系統(tǒng)（CSTR）在“異養(yǎng)菌好氧生長及衰減（內(nèi)源呼吸）過程”,“有機物水解、異養(yǎng)菌好氧生長及衰減（內(nèi)源呼吸）過程”,“有機物水解、異養(yǎng)菌和自養(yǎng)菌好氧生長及衰減（內(nèi)源呼吸）過程”三種簡化形式下的ASM1和ASM3穩(wěn)態(tài)模型,利用MATLAB編制程序,得到了“有機物水解、異養(yǎng)菌好氧生長及衰減（內(nèi)源呼吸）過程”簡化形式下的各組分解析解,并實現(xiàn)了對“異養(yǎng)菌好氧生長及衰減（內(nèi)源呼吸）過程”、“異養(yǎng)菌好氧生長及衰減（內(nèi)源呼吸）過程”兩種簡化形式下的模擬。采用一體式膜生物反應(yīng)器（MBR）、人工配制污水模擬高速公路服務(wù)區(qū)生活污水濃度,對水力負荷變化及污水處理效果進行了為期4個月的試驗研究。按照IWA關(guān)于污水水質(zhì)劃分的新原則,對試驗進水水質(zhì)進行了組分分析,針對一體式膜生物反應(yīng)器在不排泥和不同水力停留時間的動態(tài)過程,構(gòu)建了基于ASM1和ASM3的膜生物反應(yīng)器動態(tài)模型,利用MATLAB編制程序,對一體式膜生物反應(yīng)器試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行了模擬,根據(jù)最小二乘法原理獲得了試驗條件下的一組最佳參數(shù)估計值。針對DE型氧化溝周期性運行的動態(tài)過程,對“厭氧選擇池+DE型氧化溝+終沉池”系統(tǒng),將一個周期的反應(yīng)過程分成4個階段,構(gòu)建了基于ASM1和ASM3的DE型氧化溝動態(tài)模型,利用MATLAB編制程序,在典型參數(shù)值下對DE型氧化溝實測數(shù)據(jù)進行了模擬分析。本論文得出以下結(jié)論:（1）“有機物水解、異養(yǎng)菌好氧生長及衰減（內(nèi)源呼吸）過程”簡化形式下的ASM1和ASM3穩(wěn)態(tài)模型反映出如下規(guī)律:出水易生物降解基質(zhì)濃度隨著污泥齡（SRT）的增加而銳減,并逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定;微生物量隨著SRT的增加而不斷增加,并逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定;慢速可生物降解基質(zhì)濃度隨著SRT的增加而銳減,并逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定;惰性顆粒性有機物和混合液懸浮固體濃度（MLSS）隨著SRT的增加而不斷增加;活性比例隨著SRT的增加而銳增,之后不斷減少;需氧量隨著SRT的增加而不斷增加,并逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定。（2） ASM1模型應(yīng)用于一體式膜生物反應(yīng)器,其COD模擬值對參數(shù)變化的靈敏度依次為bH、KS、（μ|^）H,NH4-N模擬值對參數(shù)變化的靈敏度依次為（μ|^）A、bA、KNH,NOx-N模擬值對參數(shù)變化的靈敏度依次為YH, iXB, fP,bH, YA, （μ|^）A, bA, （μ|^）H, KNH, KS。（3） ASM3模型應(yīng)用于一體式膜生物反應(yīng)器,其COD模擬值對參數(shù)變化的靈敏度依次為YSTO,O2、YH,O2、fSI、bH,O2、KS、kSTO,NH4-N模擬值對參數(shù)變化的靈敏度依次為（μ|^）A, bA,O2, KA,NH4, NOx-N模擬值對參數(shù)變化的靈敏度依次為YA, YSTO,O2, YH,O2, bH,O2。（4）一體式膜生物反應(yīng)器動態(tài)模擬結(jié)果顯示,在本試驗條件下,ASM1與ASM3模型的COD模擬效果基本相同,ASM3模型的NH4-N、NOx-N模擬效果優(yōu)于ASM1模型,就總體模擬效果而言,ASM3模型優(yōu)于ASM1模型。（5） ASM1模型應(yīng)用于DE型氧化溝,其COD模擬值對參數(shù)變化的靈敏度依次為bH、bA、KS、（μ|^）H、YH、kh、fP、KNO、YA、ηg、iXB、KNH、（μ|^）A、ηh、KX,NH4-N模擬值對參數(shù)變化的靈敏度依次為ηh, KS, bA, fP, KNO, （μ|^）A, YA,ηg, kh, KNH, （μ|^）A, iXB, YH, KX, bH, NOx-N模擬值對參數(shù)變化的靈敏度依次為ηh、KS、bA、YH、fP、KNO、（μ|^）H、YA、ηg、kh、iXB、KNH、（μ|^）A、KX、bH。（6） ASM3模型應(yīng)用于DE型氧化溝,其COD模擬值對參數(shù)變化的靈敏度依次為fSI, kSTO, KS, bH,O2, YSTO,O2, YH,O2, NH4-N模擬值對參數(shù)變化的靈敏度依次為（μ|^）H、KA,NH4, bA,O2, YSTO,O2, YH,O2, bH,O2, bA,NOx,ηNOx, kh, KX, NOx-N模擬值對參數(shù)變化的靈敏度依次為YA、YSTO,O2、YH,O2、bH,O2、ηNOx、kSTO、YSTO,NOx、bSTO,O2、（μ|^）H、（μ|^）H、KSTO、KA,NH4、YH,NOx、KS、bH,NOx、bSTO,NOx。（7） DE型氧化溝ASM3模型在典型參數(shù)下的COD、NH4-N、NOx-N模擬結(jié)果變化趨勢與實際過程相吻合,DE型氧化溝ASM3模型在典型參數(shù)下的模擬效果總體上優(yōu)于ASM1模型在典型參數(shù)下的模擬效果。

    There are lots of biological wastewater treatment equipments in service areas of express highway in our country. The biological processes include biological contact oxidation, activated sludge, Membrane Bioreactor （MBR） and Sequencing Batch Reactor （SBR）. Scientifically and rationally simulating and controlling of these wastewater treatment processes will not only assure effluents achieve the standards stably, but also lower the operation cost.Modeling of activated sludge process has become a common part of design and operation of wastewater treatment plants all over the world. There are several researches overseas, and some models have been pushed out. Introduction of ASMs has spurred and focused research internationally.From Monod mode, Eckenflder mode, McKinney mode, Lawrence-McCarty mode to Andrews mode, WRc mode and ASMs are reviewed, applications of activated sludge models at home and abroad are presented. Computer simulators SSSP, EFOR, GPS-X and WEST are also introduced.In three situations within Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor （CSTR） as‘heterotrophic bacteria’s growth and decay under aerobic conditions’,‘hydrolysis & heterotrophic bacteria’s growth and decay under aerobic conditions’,‘hydrolysis & heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic bacteria’s growth and decay under aerobic conditions’, stable-state models based on ASM1 and ASM3 are set up. Analytical solutions are achieved in situation of‘hydrolysis & heterotrophic bacteria’s growth and decay under aerobic conditions’, simulations are made with default inlet data and parameters to the two former situations by MATLAB program.As to the artificial wastewater similar with domestic sewage, an experiment of submerged membrane bioreactor has been taken during the last 4 months under different HRTs and temperatures. According to IWA’s new division principle of organic components, the organic components of artificial wastewater are measured. Transient-state models based on ASM1 and ASM3 are established, simulations are taken by MATLAB program, and a best group of parameters under the experiment condition is found with least square method. Because of the special periodic operation mode of DE oxidation ditch, an operation period is divided into 4 stages, and transient-state models based on ASM1 and ASM3 are established to the system‘Anaerobic Selection Tank + DE Oxidation Ditch + Final Sedimentation Tank’. Simulations are made with default parameters by MATLAB program.The conclusions are achieved as follows:（1） Simulations of stable-state models of CSTR based on ASM1 and ASM3 in‘hydrolysis & heterotrophic bacteria’s growth and decay under aerobic conditions’show that effluent SS falls sharply when SRT increases, and then becomes stable. XB,M increases with SRT, then becomes stable. XS falls sharply when SRT increases, and then becomes stable. XI and MLSS increase with SRT. Activity proportion increases sharply when SRT increases, and then decreases continuously. Oxygen demand increases with SRT and then becomes stable.（2） Sensitivity analysis of MBR model based on ASM1 shows that simulation of COD is sensitive to bH, KS, （μ|^）H, NH4-N is sensitive to （μ|^）A, bA, KNH, NOx-N is sensitive to YH, iXB, fP, bH, YA, （μ|^）A, bA, （μ|^）H, KNH, KS.（3） Sensitivity analysis of MBR model based on ASM3 shows that simulation of COD is sensitive to YSTO,O2、YH,O2、fSI、bH,O2、KS、kSTO,NH4-N is sensitive to （μ|^）A, bA,O2, KA,NH4, NOx-N is sensitive to YA, YSTO,O2, YH,O2, bH,O2.（4） Simulations to stable-states models of MBR show that under the experiment condition, ASM1 and ASM3 have the same effect in COD simulation, but ASM3 is better than ASM1 in NH4-N and NOx-N simulations, and ASM3 has a better simulation effect than ASM1 conclusively.（5） Sensitivity analysis of DE Oxidation Ditch model based on ASM1 shows that simulation of COD is sensitive to bH、bA、KS、（μ|^）H、YH、kh、fP、KNO、YA、ηg、iXB、KNH、（μ|^）A、ηh、KX,NH4-N is sensitive toηh, KS, bA, fP, KNO, （μ|^）A, YA,ηg, kh, KNH, （μ|^）A, iXB, YH, KX, bH, NOx-N is sensitive toηh、KS、bA、YH、fP、KNO、（μ|^）H、YA、ηg、kh、iXB、KNH、（μ|^）A、KX、bH.（6） Sensitivity analysis of DE Oxidation Ditch model based on ASM3 shows that simulation of COD is sensitive to fSI, kSTO, KS, bH,O2, YSTO,O2, YH,O2, NH4-N is sensitive to （μ|^）H, KA,NH4, bA,O2, YSTO,O2, YH,O2, bH,O2, bA,NOx,ηNOx, kh, KX, NOx-N is sensitive to YA、YSTO,O2、YH,O2、bH,O2、ηNOx、kSTO、YSTO,NOx、bSTO,O2、（μ|^）H、（μ|^）H、KSTO、KA,NH4、YH,NOx、KS、bH,NOx、bSTO,NOx.（7） Simulations with default parameters to transient-state models of DE Oxidation Ditch show that COD, NH4-N and NOx-N of ASM3 are changing in conformity with practical situation. Conclusively, ASM3 has a better simulation effect than ASM1 as far as DE Oxidation Ditch is concerned.

活性污泥數(shù)學(xué)模型ASM1及ASM3在MBR和DE型氧化溝中的應(yīng)用研究

摘要4-7Abstract7-9第一章 緒論13-15    1.1 研究背景13-14    1.2 研究內(nèi)容14    1.3 研究意義14-15第二章 活性污泥數(shù)學(xué)模型的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀15-47    2.1 活性污泥數(shù)學(xué)模型的發(fā)展15-38        2.1.1 Monod 模式15-16        2.1.2 Eckenfelder 模型16-17        2.1.3 McKinney 模型17-18        2.1.4 Lawrence - McCarty 模型18-21        2.1.5 Andrews 模型21        2.1.6 WRc 模型21-22        2.1.7 IWA 模型22-38    2.2 活性污泥數(shù)學(xué)模型的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀38-47        2.2.1 國外數(shù)學(xué)模型的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀38-39        2.2.2 國內(nèi)數(shù)學(xué)模型的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀39-41        2.2.3 污水處理系統(tǒng)計算機模擬軟件的開發(fā)41-47第三章 ASM 模型在污水生物處理完全混合系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用研究47-105    3.1 完全混合反應(yīng)器穩(wěn)態(tài)基本方程47-48    3.2 異養(yǎng)菌好氧生長、衰減(內(nèi)源呼吸)過程模擬48-62        3.2.1 基于2 過程3 組分的傳統(tǒng)簡化模型模擬48-53        3.2.2 基于2 過程3 組分的ASM1 簡化模型模擬53-55        3.2.3 基于4 過程4 組分的ASM3 簡化模型模擬55-62    3.3 有機物水解、異養(yǎng)菌好氧生長及衰減(內(nèi)源呼吸)過程模擬62-93        3.3.1 基于3 過程5 組分的ASM1 簡化模型模擬63-78        3.3.2 基于5 過程6 組分的ASM3 簡化模型模擬78-93    3.4 有機物水解、自養(yǎng)菌和異養(yǎng)菌好氧生長及衰減(內(nèi)源呼吸)過程模擬93-103        3.4.1 基于5 過程10 組分的ASM1 簡化模型模擬94-99        3.4.2 基于7 過程10 組分的ASM3 簡化模型模擬99-103    3.5 小結(jié)103-105第四章 一體式膜生物反應(yīng)器數(shù)學(xué)模型概述105-124    4.1 膜生物反應(yīng)器概述105-108    4.2 膜生物反應(yīng)器數(shù)學(xué)模型發(fā)展108-114        4.2.1 活性污泥模型（ASM 模型）109        4.2.2 溶解性微生物產(chǎn)物模型（SMP 模型）109-111        4.2.3 ASM1-SMP 混合模型111-114    4.3 數(shù)學(xué)模型中有機組分的測定方法114-122        4.3.1 易生物降解有機物SS的測定方法115-121        4.3.2 慢速生物降解有機物XS的測定方法121-122        4.3.3 惰性溶解性有機物SI的測定方法122        4.3.4 惰性顆粒性有機物XI的測定方法122    4.4 小結(jié)122-124第五章 ASM 模型在一體式膜生物反應(yīng)器中的應(yīng)用研究.124-156    5.1 試驗?zāi)康暮鸵饬x124    5.2 試驗裝置與試驗方法124-126        5.2.1 試驗裝置與流程124-125        5.2.2 污水水質(zhì)125        5.2.3 試驗方法125-126        5.2.4 測定項目及分析方法126    5.3 試驗數(shù)據(jù)分析126-129        5.3.1 進出水常規(guī)組分的測定127        5.3.2 進水有機組分的測定127-129        5.3.3 進水常規(guī)數(shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)換129    5.4 數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立129-134        5.4.1 動態(tài)模型基本方程129-131        5.4.2 ASM1 模型中各組分的反應(yīng)速率131        5.4.3 ASM3 模型中各組分的反應(yīng)速率131-134    5.5 溫度的影響134-138    5.6 ASM1 模型模擬138-146        5.6.1 靈敏度分析138-139        5.6.2 模擬分析139-146    5.7 ASM3 模型模擬146-153        5.7.1 靈敏度分析146-147        5.7.2 模擬分析147-153    5.8 ASM1 與ASM3 模擬結(jié)果的比較與分析153-154    5.9 小結(jié)154-156第六章 ASM 模型在DE 型氧化溝中的應(yīng)用研究.156-187    6.1 西安市北石橋污水凈化中心DE 型氧化溝簡介156-160        6.1.1 中心概況156-157        6.1.2 污水處理工藝流程157-158        6.1.3 DE 型氧化溝脫氮除磷機理及運行方式158-160    6.2 進出水水質(zhì)分析160-163        6.2.1 常規(guī)監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)160        6.2.2 常規(guī)監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)換160-163    6.3 數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立163-176        6.3.1 動態(tài)模型基本方程163-170        6.3.2 ASM1 模型中各組分的反應(yīng)速率170-173        6.3.3 ASM3 模型中各組分的反應(yīng)速率173-176    6.4 ASM1 模型模擬176-180        6.4.1 模擬分析176-179        6.4.2 靈敏度分析179-180    6.5 ASM3 模型模擬180-184        6.5.1 模擬分析180-183        6.5.2 靈敏度分析183-184    6.6 ASM1 與ASM3 模擬結(jié)果的比較與分析184-185    6.7 小結(jié)185-187第七章 結(jié)論與建議187-190    7.1 結(jié)論187-189    7.2 建議189-190參考文獻190-196攻讀博士學(xué)位期間發(fā)表的論文196-197致謝197

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：活性污泥數(shù)學(xué)模型ASM1及ASM3在MBR和DE型氧化溝中的應(yīng)用研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。