【摘要】：機械產(chǎn)品失效從喪失功能的角度可以劃分為退化失效與突發(fā)失效,在壽命期內(nèi),這兩種失效模式之間存在競爭關(guān)系,使產(chǎn)品最終發(fā)生競爭失效。傳統(tǒng)的可靠性模型大多假設(shè)這兩種失效模式之間相互獨立,得到的可靠性評估結(jié)果將存在較大偏差。然而工程實際中,失效模式之間存在相互作用關(guān)系,當前考慮失效模式相關(guān)的可靠性研究仍不夠充分。針對退化失效過程對突發(fā)失效過程的影響,以及沖擊所具有的衰減特性,分析失效模式之間的相關(guān)性,建立競爭失效模型,用于產(chǎn)品可靠性評估。本文的主要研究成果如下:(1)從載荷工況出發(fā),由于疲勞載荷將使產(chǎn)品性能發(fā)生退化,性能退化進一步發(fā)展成為退化失效,沖擊載荷會引發(fā)產(chǎn)品的突發(fā)破壞。把工程實際中的隨機載荷簡化為疲勞載荷與沖擊載荷,分析疲勞載荷與沖擊載荷交替作用的工況,建立一種傳統(tǒng)的可靠性評估模型,來說明傳統(tǒng)可靠性評估的建模方法。(2)考慮退化過程對沖擊過程的影響,分析其在兩個方面存在相關(guān):一方面表現(xiàn)為退化失效與突發(fā)失效受到同一沖擊過程的作用;另一方面表現(xiàn)為總退化量不僅影響沖擊出現(xiàn)的強度,而且影響沖擊出現(xiàn)時的幅值,利用Poisson過程對沖擊過程進行描述,建立產(chǎn)品在相關(guān)模式下的競爭失效可靠度模型。(3)針對產(chǎn)品突發(fā)失效過程中存在退化的現(xiàn)象,對該退化中的連續(xù)退化與突增退化進行描述,并建立產(chǎn)品的突發(fā)失效過程模型。進一步分析退化失效過程與突發(fā)失效過程之間的相關(guān)性:沖擊同時對退化失效和突發(fā)失效造成影響;以及退化失效過程使突發(fā)失效過程產(chǎn)生退化�；陔S機過程理論,推導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品在該相關(guān)模式下的競爭失效可靠性模型。(4)針對經(jīng)受競爭失效的機械產(chǎn)品其突發(fā)失效過程中沖擊存在衰減的現(xiàn)象,根據(jù)沖擊信號的衰減特性,提出基于衰減沖擊模型的競爭失效可靠性分析計算方法。該方法首先考察具有周期性和隨機性特點的兩類衰減沖擊過程,利用指數(shù)函數(shù)描述其衰減規(guī)律,探討沖擊作用時所產(chǎn)生的沖量,在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建沖擊所造成的損傷與沖量之間的量化模型,通過Wiener過程對連續(xù)退化過程進行描述,進一步推導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品在失效相關(guān)模式下的競爭失效可靠性分析模型�；谝陨夏Ｐ捅容^研究了考慮沖擊衰減與否對可靠性評估的差異,以說明該方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:The failure of mechanical products can be divided into degradation failure and sudden failure from the point of view of loss of function. Most of the traditional reliability models assume that the two failure modes are independent of each other, and the results of reliability evaluation will be deviated greatly. However, in engineering practice, there is an interaction between failure modes, and the current reliability research considering failure mode is still insufficient. In view of the impact of degradation failure process on burst failure process and the attenuation characteristics of impact, the correlation between failure modes is analyzed, and a competitive failure model is established for product reliability evaluation. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) starting from the load condition, the fatigue load will degrade the product performance, the performance degradation will further develop into the degradation failure, and the impact load will lead to the sudden destruction of the product. The random load in engineering practice is simplified as fatigue load and impact load, and a traditional reliability evaluation model is established by analyzing the alternating action of fatigue load and impact load. (2) considering the influence of degradation process on impact process, analyzing its correlation in two aspects: on the one hand, it shows that degradation failure and burst failure are affected by the same impact process; On the other hand, the total degradation not only affects the intensity of impact, but also affects the amplitude of impact. The Poisson process is used to describe the impact process. The competitive failure reliability model of the product in the related mode is established. (3) the continuous degradation and the sudden degradation in the product burst failure process are described, and the burst failure process model of the product is established. The correlation between the degradation failure process and the burst failure process is further analyzed: the impact on both the degradation failure and the burst failure, and the degradation process which results in the degradation of the burst failure process. Based on the stochastic process theory, the competitive failure reliability model of the product in the relevant mode is derived. (4) according to the attenuation characteristics of the shock signal, the impact of the mechanical products subjected to competitive failure is attenuated during the sudden failure. A method for analyzing and calculating the reliability of competitive failure based on attenuated shock model is proposed. In this method, two kinds of attenuated shock processes with periodicity and randomness are investigated, and the law of attenuation is described by using exponential function, and the impulse produced by impact is discussed. On this basis, the quantitative model between damage and impulse caused by impact is constructed, and the continuous degradation process is described by Wiener process, and the model of competitive failure reliability analysis of products in failure related mode is further deduced. Based on the above models, the difference of reliability assessment considering shock attenuation or not is compared to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB114.3;TH16

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