本文選題：業(yè)主管理 + 激勵(lì)機(jī)制��； 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：電力工程項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)是一項(xiàng)需要多方參與、多方協(xié)作的系統(tǒng)工程,因此,關(guān)于電力工程項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用控制也會(huì)涉及到多個(gè)角色。設(shè)計(jì)階段作為工程項(xiàng)目的起始階段,業(yè)主方能否在此階段對(duì)費(fèi)用進(jìn)行合理有效的控制決定了整個(gè)工程的管控方向。在我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段的設(shè)計(jì)取費(fèi)模式下,設(shè)計(jì)單位優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方案、降低設(shè)計(jì)概算的動(dòng)力明顯不足,業(yè)主對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)承包商的管理方式需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新。因此,建立激勵(lì)機(jī)制優(yōu)化業(yè)主與設(shè)計(jì)承包商之間天然存在的博弈關(guān)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)主與設(shè)計(jì)承包商之間的互利共贏,進(jìn)而有效的控制工程建設(shè)的總體費(fèi)用是現(xiàn)階段亟需解決的問(wèn)題。為了解決這一問(wèn)題,本文在廣泛查找、閱讀、分析國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了激勵(lì)理論的發(fā)展歷程及最新的研究成果,指出了現(xiàn)行激勵(lì)理論立足于“理性人”的假設(shè)并不能夠有效地解決工程中的激勵(lì)問(wèn)題。在這些研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了運(yùn)用心理學(xué)的相關(guān)理論知識(shí)來(lái)完善現(xiàn)有的激勵(lì)機(jī)制。通過(guò)將目前心理學(xué)中比較前沿的前景理論引入激勵(lì)研究中,本文立足于業(yè)主角度,構(gòu)建了業(yè)主對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)承包商的激勵(lì)模型,并將研究成果應(yīng)用至合同條款中,用以指導(dǎo)工程實(shí)踐。在相關(guān)理論的研究基礎(chǔ)上,本文將業(yè)主對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)承包商的激勵(lì)階段劃分為招投標(biāo)階段、設(shè)計(jì)階段及施工階段三個(gè)階段。針對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)階段,構(gòu)建了設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度、設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量、經(jīng)濟(jì)合理三個(gè)激勵(lì)指標(biāo);針對(duì)施工階段,構(gòu)建了設(shè)計(jì)變更及設(shè)計(jì)服務(wù)兩個(gè)指標(biāo)。將各個(gè)指標(biāo)的獎(jiǎng)懲費(fèi)用運(yùn)用前景理論轉(zhuǎn)換為人所感受到的得失效用,以效用為基礎(chǔ),立足于業(yè)主方的角度,對(duì)如何對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)承包商進(jìn)行激勵(lì)機(jī)制的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了研究,構(gòu)建了符合雙方心理預(yù)期的激勵(lì)機(jī)制。并根據(jù)研究成果,驗(yàn)證了激勵(lì)條款的設(shè)定能夠幫助業(yè)主方在招投標(biāo)階段優(yōu)選設(shè)計(jì)承包商。在模型構(gòu)建的基礎(chǔ)上,本文對(duì)近年北京市110kV變電工程歷史數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行收集。通過(guò)利用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法,得出了經(jīng)濟(jì)合理指標(biāo)樣本數(shù)據(jù)的概率頻度圖和累積概率曲線,隨后運(yùn)用國(guó)網(wǎng)公司通用造價(jià)及現(xiàn)行激勵(lì)模式的相關(guān)規(guī)定,求解得出經(jīng)濟(jì)合理指標(biāo)的獎(jiǎng)懲基本點(diǎn)及激勵(lì)系數(shù),并細(xì)化至設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)取費(fèi)累計(jì)費(fèi)率中。對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)變更及設(shè)計(jì)服務(wù)指標(biāo),利用累計(jì)前景值及MATLAB中的遺傳算法工具箱分別求出相應(yīng)激勵(lì)參數(shù)的獎(jiǎng)懲基本點(diǎn),并求解相應(yīng)的激勵(lì)系數(shù)及累計(jì)費(fèi)率。最后根據(jù)研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行了合同條款的設(shè)計(jì),使研究結(jié)果更具有實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:The construction of electric power engineering project is a system engineering which needs multi-participation and multi-cooperation. Therefore, the cost control of power engineering project also involves many roles. The design stage is the initial stage of the project. Whether the owner can control the cost reasonably and effectively at this stage determines the control direction of the whole project. At the present stage in our country, the design unit optimizes the design scheme and reduces the power of the design estimate obviously, and the owner's management mode of the design contractor needs to be innovated. Therefore, it is urgent to establish an incentive mechanism to optimize the natural game relationship between the owner and the design contractor, to realize the mutual benefit and win-win between the owner and the design contractor, and to effectively control the overall cost of the project construction. In order to solve this problem, based on the extensive search, reading and analysis of the literature at home and abroad, this paper studies the development of incentive theory and the latest research results. It is pointed out that the current incentive theory based on the hypothesis of "rational man" can not effectively solve the problem of incentive in engineering. On the basis of these studies, this paper puts forward to improve the existing incentive mechanism by using the relevant theoretical knowledge of psychology. By introducing the frontier foreground theory of psychology into the incentive research, this paper constructs the incentive model of the design contractor based on the owner's angle, and applies the research results to the contract terms to guide the engineering practice. Based on the research of relevant theories, this paper divides the incentive stage of the design contractor into three stages: bidding stage, design stage and construction stage. Aiming at the design stage, three incentive indexes of design progress, design quality and economy are constructed, and two indexes of design change and design service are constructed in view of the construction stage. This paper transforms the prospect theory of reward and punishment cost of each index into the benefit and loss utility that people feel. Based on the utility and based on the owner's angle, this paper studies how to design the incentive mechanism for the design contractor. The incentive mechanism which accords with the psychological expectation of both parties is constructed. According to the research results, it is verified that the setting of incentive clause can help the owner to select the design contractor in the bidding stage. Based on the model construction, this paper collects the historical data of Beijing 110kV substation project in recent years. By using the method of mathematical statistics, the probability frequency chart and cumulative probability curve of the sample data of economic and reasonable indexes are obtained, and then the general cost of the national network company and the relevant regulations of the current incentive model are used. The basic points of rewards and punishments and the incentive coefficient of the economic reasonable index are obtained, and are refined into the cumulative rate of the design fee. For the design change and design service index, the rewards and punishment basic points of the corresponding incentive parameters are obtained by using the cumulative foreground value and the genetic algorithm toolbox in MATLAB, and the corresponding incentive coefficient and cumulative rate are solved. Finally, the contract terms are designed according to the research results, which makes the results more practical.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F224.32;F426.61

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