本文關(guān)鍵詞：ADCP流速數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量控制及系統(tǒng)的誤差修正　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 聲學(xué)多普勒流速剖面儀 流速數(shù)據(jù)處理 盲區(qū)估算 GPS 系統(tǒng)誤差

【摘要】：聲學(xué)多普勒流速剖面儀(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,簡稱ADCP)是一種基于水聲多普勒原理進(jìn)行工作的超聲波測速設(shè)備,在現(xiàn)代水文測驗中已經(jīng)得到越來越多的應(yīng)用,對其技術(shù)的研究也日益受到人們的關(guān)注。在ADCP測量過程中,復(fù)雜的水流環(huán)境以及測驗作業(yè)上的各種誤差會給流速數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量帶來嚴(yán)重影響,如何精確獲得剖面流速和流量數(shù)據(jù)的研究至關(guān)重要。本論文提出能夠改善ADCP流速數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的技術(shù),并對測驗中遇到的各類誤差源進(jìn)行分析,通過選用和設(shè)計合理的算法修正各類誤差,進(jìn)而提高流速和流量數(shù)據(jù)的精度和質(zhì)量。具體的研究內(nèi)容如下：首先,對ADCP測流的基本原理和ADCP系統(tǒng)框架進(jìn)行簡要介紹,并從中引出流速數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊的數(shù)據(jù)處理詳細(xì)過程。通過選取合適的經(jīng)驗聲速公式對聲速進(jìn)行實時校準(zhǔn),將多普勒頻移轉(zhuǎn)換到徑向流速；結(jié)合姿態(tài)傳感器數(shù)據(jù)將波束坐標(biāo)系下的四個徑向流速轉(zhuǎn)換到地理坐標(biāo)系下的流速；底跟蹤獲取船速和剖面水深數(shù)據(jù)；最后利用流速面積法計算流量。接著,分析流速測量過程中異常數(shù)據(jù)的來源,提出在流速數(shù)據(jù)處理中改善流速數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的方法。通過確立深度單元層內(nèi)徑向流速的無效標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對無效的部分分層或某一波束的徑向流速進(jìn)行全面估算；采用GPS與底跟蹤相融合的技術(shù)對船速進(jìn)行校驗；利用相關(guān)性和實測區(qū)域流速對表層盲區(qū)流速進(jìn)行估算。然后,對ADCP系統(tǒng)中可能存在的誤差進(jìn)行分析并采取相應(yīng)的解決方案。ADCP系統(tǒng)中存在的誤差源主要有換能器盲區(qū)、姿態(tài)傳感器安裝偏角、換能器安裝偏角、系統(tǒng)中外界輔助設(shè)備(溫度傳感器、壓力傳感器、姿態(tài)傳感器、GPS等)本身的隨機(jī)誤差和同步誤差等。針對各種誤差,選用和設(shè)計合理的修正算法,對其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償,以降低各種誤差對測流性能的影響。最后,在以上研究的基礎(chǔ)上,將剖面流速數(shù)據(jù)處理的全過程及其誤差校準(zhǔn)算法在系統(tǒng)中實現(xiàn)并進(jìn)行實驗驗證。設(shè)計了溫度傳感器、姿態(tài)傳感器、GPS的調(diào)試流程和流速數(shù)據(jù)處理的軟件,并通過實驗數(shù)據(jù)對以上數(shù)據(jù)處理流程和誤差修正算法進(jìn)行有效驗證。
[Abstract]:Acoustic Doppler profiler (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, referred to as ADCP) is a kind of ultrasonic measuring device based on the principle of acoustic Doppler work, has been widely used in modern hydrology test, research on its technology has been paid more and more attention. In the ADCP measurement process, various errors in complex flow environment and the test work will bring serious influence to the quality of velocity data, how to obtain the critical velocity profile and flow of accurate data. This paper can improve the velocity of ADCP data quality, and the various error sources encountered in the test were analyzed by choosing the reasonable design and all kinds of error correction algorithm, and then to improve the accuracy and quality of velocity and flow data. The specific contents are as follows: firstly, the basic principle of ADCP system and ADCP flow measurement The framework is briefly introduced, and then the velocity data processing module with data processing process from it. By choosing appropriate experience sound speed formula real-time calibration of velocity, the Doppler frequency shift is converted to a radial velocity; combined with the attitude sensor data will be four radial velocity beam coordinates to geographical coordinates velocity; bottom tracking speed and depth data acquisition section; finally the velocity area method for calculating flow. Then, analysis the source of abnormal data flow in the process of measurement, presents the method to improve the data quality in the flow velocity data processing. Through the establishment of the depth of the radial velocity standard unit is invalid, the radial velocity on the part of the hierarchical invalid or a beam comprehensive estimation; check the speed by GPS and bottom tracking fusion technology; using the correlation and the measured velocity on the region The surface area was estimated. Then the velocity, the error may exist in the ADCP system analysis and take the error sources of.ADCP system solution in the corresponding main transducer blind attitude sensor installation, transducer installation, external auxiliary equipment system (temperature sensor, pressure sensor, attitude sensor, GPS itself) the random error and synchronization error. The error correction algorithm, selection and reasonable design, to compensate, in order to reduce the influence of various errors on the flow measurement performance. Finally, in order to study on the basis of the whole process and error calibration algorithm to the velocity profile data processing in the system and achieve the design of experiments. The temperature sensor, attitude sensor, GPS debugging process and velocity data processing software, and through the experimental data processing and the data The error correction algorithm is validated effectively.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH815

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