發(fā)布時間：2019-06-29 22:34

【摘要】：隨著3G通信技術(shù)的普及以及4G通信的蓬勃發(fā)展,尋求寬頻譜和高效頻譜利用率的天線已經(jīng)是迫在眉睫。超寬帶技術(shù)具有傳輸速率高、容量大、成本低、功耗小、保密性能好、抗干擾能力強等等優(yōu)勢,這使得超寬帶天線成為最具競爭力和發(fā)展前景的研究方向之一。但是普通的超寬帶天線已經(jīng)很難滿足當(dāng)今時代高效率高集成度的要求,所以多極化工作形式受到了關(guān)注,超寬帶雙極化天線作為一種新型天線,正在被現(xiàn)階段的通信領(lǐng)域所廣泛應(yīng)用。由于移動通信用戶數(shù)目的增加,現(xiàn)有的頻譜資源日益緊張,進一步要求基站天線能實現(xiàn)多頻集成特性。因此,研究并設(shè)計出具有雙頻段、超寬帶、雙極化的天線具有重要的工程實際意義。本論文將超寬帶天線、雙頻天線以及雙極化天線一起作為研究對象,研究其超寬帶技術(shù)、雙頻技術(shù)以及雙極化技術(shù),并通過三種不同的實現(xiàn)形式,考量其對駐波比、隔離度以及交叉極化電平等指標(biāo)的影響,綜合設(shè)計出超寬帶雙極化天線、雙頻雙極化寬帶天線以及雙頻段超寬帶雙極化天線,從而最終設(shè)計出符合設(shè)計要求以及實際需求的天線。首先對天線的基礎(chǔ)理論和技術(shù)指標(biāo)進行了簡要介紹,并對單一的雙頻天線、超寬帶天線以及雙極化天線的基礎(chǔ)理論和設(shè)計技術(shù)進行分析,通過天線基礎(chǔ)理論中的輻射方向圖、回波損耗、帶寬、隔離度以及交叉極化電平作為技術(shù)指標(biāo)進行研究。其次設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了一款應(yīng)用H型縫隙耦合饋電的輻射面開階梯槽結(jié)構(gòu)的超寬帶雙極化天線。通過這款天線,初步分析了H型縫隙耦合饋電對于降低天線Q值的重要性,驗證了輻射面開階梯槽的曲流技術(shù)對于拓寬頻帶的可行性、采用貼片加載的層疊結(jié)構(gòu)對于改善輻射方向圖的可行性以及通過對角正交饋電實現(xiàn)具備高隔離度特性的雙極化天線的有效性。隨后設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了一款應(yīng)用叉形饋電的對稱雙弓形輻射面嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)的雙頻雙極化寬帶天線。通過這款天線,分析了采用貼片正交形式實現(xiàn)高隔離度雙極化天線的可行性,驗證了對稱雙弓形面嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)實現(xiàn)低回波損耗雙頻天線的可行性以及通過叉形饋電結(jié)構(gòu)實現(xiàn)雙頻寬帶特性的有效性。最后循序漸進設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了雙枝節(jié)巴倫饋電的開寬槽對稱U型輻射面結(jié)構(gòu)的雙頻段超寬帶雙極化天線,這款天線覆蓋了全2G和3G通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)頻段的。通過這款天線,分析了巴倫饋電結(jié)構(gòu)對于拓寬頻帶的重要性,驗證了應(yīng)用對稱U型輻射面開寬槽的形式來拓寬頻帶的可行性、采用雙枝節(jié)巴倫饋電結(jié)構(gòu)實現(xiàn)低回波損耗雙頻天線的可行性以及輻射貼片整體空間上的±45°垂直放置來實現(xiàn)高隔離度和高交叉極化電平的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the popularity of 3G communication technology and the vigorous development of 4G communication, it is urgent to seek wide spectrum and efficient spectrum efficiency antenna. UWB technology has many advantages, such as high transmission rate, large capacity, low cost, low power consumption, good confidentiality, strong anti-interference ability and so on, which makes UWB antenna become one of the most competitive and promising research directions. However, the ordinary ultra-broadband antenna has been difficult to meet the requirements of high efficiency and high integration, so the multi-polarization mode has been concerned. As a new type of antenna, ultra-broadband dual-polarization antenna is widely used in the field of communication at this stage. Due to the increase of the number of mobile communication users, the existing spectrum resources are increasingly tight, which further requires the base station antenna to achieve multi-frequency integration characteristics. Therefore, it is of great engineering practical significance to study and design antennas with dual-band, ultra-broadband and dual-polarization. In this paper, ultra-broadband antenna, dual-band antenna and dual-polarization antenna are taken as the research objects, and their ultra-broadband technology, dual-frequency technology and dual-polarization technology are studied. Through three different implementation forms, considering their effects on standing wave ratio, isolation and cross-polarization electric equality index, the ultra-broadband dual-polarization antenna, dual-frequency dual-polarization broadband antenna and dual-band ultra-broadband dual-polarization antenna are designed. Finally, the antenna is designed to meet the design requirements and actual requirements. Firstly, the basic theory and technical index of antenna are briefly introduced, and the basic theory and design technology of single dual-frequency antenna, ultra-broadband antenna and dual-polarization antenna are analyzed. The radiation pattern, echo loss, bandwidth, isolation and cross-polarization level in the basic theory of antenna are studied. Secondly, an ultra-broadband dual-polarization antenna with stepped slot structure based on H-slot coupling feed is designed and implemented. Through this antenna, the importance of H-slot coupling feed to reduce the Q value of the antenna is preliminarily analyzed, and the feasibility of widening the frequency band by the curved current technique with stepped slot on the radiation surface is verified. The feasibility of using the lamination structure loaded by the patch to improve the radiation pattern and the effectiveness of the diagonal orthogonal feed to realize the dual polarization antenna with high isolation characteristics are verified. Then a dual-frequency dual-polarization broadband antenna with symmetrical double bow radiation surface nesting structure based on fork feed is designed and implemented. Through this antenna, the feasibility of using patch orthogonal form to realize high isolation dual polarization antenna is analyzed, and the feasibility of realizing low echo loss dual frequency antenna with symmetric double bow surface nesting structure and the effectiveness of realizing dual frequency broadband characteristics by fork feed structure are verified. Finally, a dual-band ultra-broadband dual-polarization antenna with open wide slot symmetric U-shaped radiation surface structure fed by double branch Barron is designed and implemented step by step, which covers the frequency band of all 2G and 3G communication networks. Through this antenna, the importance of Barron feed structure for widening the frequency band is analyzed, and the feasibility of using the symmetrical U-shaped radiation surface to broaden the frequency band is verified. The feasibility of using the double-branch Baron feed structure to realize the low echo loss dual-frequency antenna and the effectiveness of 鹵45 擄vertical placement of the radiation patch in the whole space to achieve high isolation and high cross-polarization level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN820

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本文編號：2508173