【摘要】：天線作為飛行平臺彈導(dǎo)無線通信系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵組成部分,其性能優(yōu)劣對系統(tǒng)間通信質(zhì)量高低起到至關(guān)重要作用。微帶貼片天線剖面低、體積小、易于與曲面共形,且在飛機(jī)高速飛行時基本不影響機(jī)體的氣動性能,特別適合應(yīng)用于機(jī)載通信系統(tǒng)。傳統(tǒng)的微帶貼片天線帶寬和波束均較窄,無法適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化信息通信戰(zhàn)機(jī)高通信質(zhì)量要求,因此其頻帶和波束的展寬研究顯得尤為重要且迫在眉睫。本文通過與公司合作的工程項(xiàng)目,對應(yīng)用于彈載、機(jī)載平臺的寬帶寬波束天線進(jìn)行了理論研究與實(shí)驗(yàn),并模擬真實(shí)機(jī)體環(huán)境,測試了搭載平臺對天線電氣性能的影響。論文具體內(nèi)容如下:首先通過對項(xiàng)目指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析,確定出天線指標(biāo)難點(diǎn)和需要注意的設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)節(jié),總結(jié)分析出經(jīng)典的微帶貼片天線帶寬拓展方法,依次提出三種寬帶微帶天線的設(shè)計(jì)方案,對比仿真結(jié)果后以最佳設(shè)計(jì)方案為模型基礎(chǔ)改進(jìn)優(yōu)化得到彈載天線。然后根據(jù)仿真模型進(jìn)行實(shí)物加工并對加工實(shí)物進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)測試,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明所設(shè)計(jì)的彈載天線帶寬達(dá)到12.76%,所有指標(biāo)均滿足工程設(shè)計(jì)需要。最后是彈載天線的容差分析。機(jī)載天線與彈載天線的設(shè)計(jì)過程類似,首先對項(xiàng)目指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析,確定了天線指標(biāo)難點(diǎn)和需要注意的設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)節(jié),總結(jié)分析出經(jīng)典微帶貼片天線波束展寬方法,并依次提出兩種寬波束印刷天線的設(shè)計(jì)方案。然后對微帶夾角陣列仿真模型進(jìn)行實(shí)物加工并對加工實(shí)物進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)測試。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)載天線3dB波瓣寬度達(dá)到170°以上,所有指標(biāo)滿足工程設(shè)計(jì)需要。最后討論了搭載平臺對天線電氣性能的影響。利用FEM-IE法(有限元-積分方程混合算法)可以簡潔高效地對電大尺寸模型進(jìn)行仿真,仿真結(jié)果表明機(jī)載平臺對天線影響較大,主波束波瓣被壓縮,帶內(nèi)增益產(chǎn)生一定波動。接著通過實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步精確測量了平臺對天線性能的影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果基本吻合,彈載平臺對天線的電氣性能影響較弱,機(jī)載平臺對天線的電氣性能影響較大。
[Abstract]:As a key part of the missile guided wireless communication system of flight platform, the performance of antenna plays an important role in the quality of communication between systems. The microstrip patch antenna has the advantages of low profile, small volume, easy to conformal with the curved surface, and does not affect the pneumatic performance of the aircraft when flying at high speed, so it is especially suitable for airborne communication system. The bandwidth and beam of the traditional microstrip patch antenna are narrow, which can not meet the requirements of high communication quality of modern information and communication fighters, so the research on the bandwidth and beam broadening of the traditional microstrip patch antenna is particularly important and urgent. In this paper, through the project of cooperation with the company, the broadband wide-beam antenna used in missile-borne and airborne platform is studied and tested theoretically, and the real body environment is simulated, and the influence of the platform on the electrical performance of the antenna is tested. The specific contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, through the analysis of the project index, the difficulties of antenna index and the design details that need to be paid attention to are determined, the classical microstrip patch antenna bandwidth expansion method is summarized and analyzed, and three kinds of broadband microstrip antenna design schemes are put forward in turn. After comparing the simulation results, the missile-borne antenna is improved and optimized on the basis of the best design scheme. Then, according to the simulation model, the physical processing is carried out and the experimental test is carried out. The experimental results show that the bandwidth of the designed missile antenna is 12.76%, and all the indexes meet the needs of the engineering design. Finally, the tolerance analysis of missile-borne antenna is carried out. The design process of airborne antenna is similar to that of missile-borne antenna. Firstly, the project index is analyzed, the difficulties of antenna index and the design details needing attention are determined, the classical microstrip patch antenna beam broadening method is summarized and analyzed, and two design schemes of wide-beam printed antenna are put forward in turn. Then the microstrip angle array simulation model is processed and the machining object is tested. The experimental results show that the 3dB lobe width of the designed airborne antenna is more than 170 擄, and all the indexes meet the needs of the engineering design. Finally, the influence of the platform on the electrical performance of the antenna is discussed. The FEM-IE method (finite element integral equation hybrid algorithm) can be used to simulate the electrically large size model succinctly and efficiently. The simulation results show that the airborne platform has a great influence on the antenna, the main beam lobe is compressed and the in-band gain fluctuates. Then the influence of the platform on the antenna performance is measured accurately through the experiment. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The missile-borne platform has a weak influence on the electrical performance of the antenna, and the airborne platform has a great influence on the electrical performance of the antenna.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN822

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