發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-17 16:44

【摘要】：位置信息、定位技術(shù)與位置服務(wù)開啟了新時(shí)代的研究熱潮,覆蓋到了智能交通,智能家居,智慧工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、商業(yè),智慧城市等諸多領(lǐng)域。GPS和蜂窩網(wǎng)定位技術(shù)廣泛用于室外位置服務(wù),但由于非視距和多徑影響,信號(hào)強(qiáng)度和定位精度都無(wú)法達(dá)到室內(nèi)定位要求,且耗電速度快,系統(tǒng)成本高。目前的室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)主要是無(wú)線定位技術(shù),從近幾年的室內(nèi)定位研究熱潮中可以看出,藍(lán)牙低功耗4.0技術(shù)在高精度、低功耗、易部署、系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低上都較有優(yōu)勢(shì)。同時(shí)智能手機(jī)、iPhone、iPad等智能終端設(shè)備的快速發(fā)展,且大多都支持BLE功能,更加促進(jìn)了室內(nèi)i Beacon技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。可以說(shuō),藍(lán)牙定位技術(shù)將會(huì)成為室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)的一大支柱,前景廣闊。本文在室內(nèi)定位的定位技術(shù)與定位算法的研究現(xiàn)狀基礎(chǔ)上,深入分析研究了基于藍(lán)牙信標(biāo)iBeacon的指紋庫(kù)匹配定位,分析了選用iBeacon指紋庫(kù)相關(guān)性匹配定位的可行性及優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文的主要研究工作如下:(1)對(duì)典型室內(nèi)辦公室環(huán)境的iBeacon信標(biāo)布置進(jìn)行研究,為了使定位區(qū)域中各個(gè)位置處采集的RSSI序列有明顯區(qū)分,且結(jié)合實(shí)際布置成本,及定位精度要求,確定了3~5米之間布置一個(gè)iBeacon信標(biāo)基站的信標(biāo)布置方案。(2)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境內(nèi)RSSI采集的方向、時(shí)間、人員干擾進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)研究分析,并對(duì)參考點(diǎn)的分布做了規(guī)劃,確定了單點(diǎn)多方向多次采集方案。采集指紋庫(kù)之后,對(duì)其進(jìn)行融合卡爾曼均值濾波處理,構(gòu)建穩(wěn)健較準(zhǔn)確的iBeacon信號(hào)指紋庫(kù)。(3)提出了相關(guān)性匹配指紋庫(kù)算法,對(duì)指紋庫(kù)進(jìn)行兩次篩選后,求解未知點(diǎn)與參考點(diǎn)的相關(guān)系數(shù)γ,選出在0.8?|??(27)(16)范圍內(nèi)的進(jìn)行顯著性檢驗(yàn),得到K個(gè)匹配性較高的指紋庫(kù)參考點(diǎn),以相關(guān)系數(shù)絕對(duì)值為加權(quán)系數(shù)對(duì)參考點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行加權(quán)平均得到預(yù)估位置。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,相關(guān)系數(shù)匹配位置指紋庫(kù)算法可將定位誤差在2米以內(nèi)的概率從65%提高到92%,對(duì)比于常用的KNN匹配定位算法具有定位精度高、定位時(shí)間短、算法穩(wěn)定等優(yōu)勢(shì)。(4)對(duì)基于iBeacon信標(biāo)的室內(nèi)定位系統(tǒng)的指紋庫(kù)采集和實(shí)時(shí)定位兩部分進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn),確定了Android移動(dòng)端平臺(tái),負(fù)責(zé)采集處理iBeacon信號(hào),并上傳iBeacon信號(hào)指紋;同時(shí)在J2EE架構(gòu)的后臺(tái)服務(wù)器端,保存位置指紋庫(kù)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性匹配實(shí)時(shí)定位,然后反饋給用戶端,實(shí)現(xiàn)相關(guān)性匹配定位結(jié)果的顯示測(cè)試。
[Abstract]:Location information, location technology and location service opened a new era of research upsurge, covering many fields such as smart traffic, smart home, smart industry, agriculture, commerce, and smart city. GPS and cellular network positioning technology is widely used for outdoor location services, but due to the non-sight distance and multi-path influence, the signal strength and the positioning accuracy can not reach the indoor positioning requirement, and the power consumption speed is high, and the system cost is high. The present indoor positioning technology is mainly the wireless location technology, which can be seen from the indoor positioning research upsurge in recent years, and the Bluetooth low power consumption 4.0 technology has the advantages of high accuracy, low power consumption, easy deployment, simple system and low cost. At the same time, smart terminal devices such as smart phone, iPhone, iPad and other intelligent terminal devices have developed rapidly, and most of them support the BLE function, and the application of the indoor i Beacon technology is more promoted. It can be said that the Bluetooth positioning technology will become a big pillar of the indoor positioning technology, and the prospect is wide. In this paper, on the basis of the research status of the positioning technology and the location algorithm of the indoor location, the matching and location of the fingerprint library based on the Bluetooth beacon iBeacon is analyzed, and the feasibility and the advantage of the correlation matching and positioning of the iBeacon fingerprint library are analyzed. The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) The iBeacon beacon arrangement of the typical indoor office environment is studied, and in order to make the RSSI sequence collected at each position in the positioning area to be clearly distinguished, and the actual layout cost and the positioning accuracy requirement are met, And a beacon arrangement scheme of an iBeacon beacon base station is arranged between 3 and 5 meters. (2) The direction, time and personnel interference of the RSSI acquisition in the experimental environment are analyzed and analyzed, and the distribution of the reference point is planned, and the multi-direction multi-direction acquisition scheme is determined. After the fingerprint library is collected, a robust and accurate iBeacon signal fingerprint library is constructed. (3) The correlation coefficient of the unknown point and the reference point is calculated and the correlation coefficient between the unknown point and the reference point is calculated. |? (27) carrying out significance test in the range of (16) to obtain a fingerprint library reference point with high K matching property, and weighting the reference point coordinate with the absolute value of the correlation coefficient as a weighting coefficient to obtain an estimated position. The experimental results show that the correlation coefficient matching position fingerprint library algorithm can increase the probability of the positioning error within 2 meters from 65% to 92%, and compared with the conventional KNN matching and positioning algorithm, it has the advantages of high positioning accuracy, short positioning time and stable algorithm. and (4) designing and implementing the fingerprint database acquisition and real-time positioning of the indoor positioning system based on the iBeacon beacon, And the stored position fingerprint library carries out correlation matching real-time positioning, and then feeds back to the user end to realize the display test of the correlation matching and positioning result.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN925

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本文編號(hào)：2501125