【摘要】：量子力學(xué)誕生以來,量子信息技術(shù)迅速崛起,在今天取得了長足的發(fā)展。由于量子計(jì)算機(jī)擁有著獨(dú)一無二的多量子態(tài)并行計(jì)算能力,經(jīng)典的量子密鑰加密方法受到了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。同時(shí),因?yàn)榱孔油ㄐ旁诶碚撋鲜墙^對(duì)安全的,所以越來越多的人開始關(guān)注量子通信。單光子源作為量子密鑰分配中必不可少的資源,在量子通信中扮演著舉足輕重的角色。單光子源在弱吸收測(cè)量和量子隨機(jī)數(shù)產(chǎn)生器中也已取得廣泛的應(yīng)用。量子點(diǎn)具有半導(dǎo)體材料的優(yōu)點(diǎn),還具有類似原子簡單的能級(jí)分立結(jié)構(gòu),并且易于制備和加工,因此比原子等粒子具有更廣泛的用途,比如可以用來實(shí)現(xiàn)量子點(diǎn)激光器、量子通信中量子密鑰分配所需要的單光子源等。但是,單純研究量子點(diǎn)已經(jīng)無法滿足科研的需要,實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,量子點(diǎn)可與腔相結(jié)合,有利于提高系統(tǒng)間耦合強(qiáng)度,實(shí)驗(yàn)室中可使用量子點(diǎn)-微腔耦合模型去觀察腔量子電動(dòng)力學(xué)中的有趣現(xiàn)象。本文結(jié)合量子點(diǎn)-微腔的一些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),背景理論等。應(yīng)用量子主方程理論研究了量子點(diǎn)-微腔耦合系統(tǒng)的激射性質(zhì)。分別探索了不同類型的微腔耦合系統(tǒng)(“好的系統(tǒng)”、“中等系統(tǒng)”)在外加泵浦場的作用下所表現(xiàn)出來的激射現(xiàn)象。分析比較了失諧大小及環(huán)境純消相干對(duì)這兩種微腔耦合系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部特性(光場分布、腔內(nèi)光子數(shù)等)所產(chǎn)生的影響。數(shù)值仿真表明:對(duì)于“好的系統(tǒng)”,在失諧量不大的情況下,引入適當(dāng)?shù)募兿喔捎欣谔岣唏詈舷到y(tǒng)的激射性能;對(duì)于“中等系統(tǒng)”,由于失諧條件下光子在腔內(nèi)集聚比較困難,因而很難達(dá)到激射,但是通過引入適量的純消相干可以對(duì)腔內(nèi)光場分布和光子數(shù)產(chǎn)生劇烈調(diào)制作用。該結(jié)果對(duì)于研究單量子點(diǎn)激光器,以及探索光與物質(zhì)相互作用等方面具有指導(dǎo)作用。在強(qiáng)耦合量子點(diǎn)-微腔系統(tǒng)中,使用J-C階梯模型進(jìn)行仿真,倘若采用雙脈沖激發(fā),原則上通過控制激發(fā)功率大小與相位,可以到達(dá)Bloch球面的任一點(diǎn)。實(shí)現(xiàn)完全的Bloch球面,從而對(duì)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)完全的相干調(diào)控。最后本文還針對(duì)兩種不同耦合系統(tǒng)模型(紅、藍(lán)失諧),引入聲子項(xiàng)構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)全面的量子主方程,通過數(shù)值仿真,研究了聲子對(duì)紅、藍(lán)失量子點(diǎn)微腔系統(tǒng)熒光譜的調(diào)控作用,得出聲子對(duì)紅失諧、藍(lán)失諧量子點(diǎn)-微腔系統(tǒng)調(diào)控強(qiáng)度不同。這些研究成果,對(duì)分辨諧振式量子點(diǎn)光譜和實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)量子點(diǎn)的自旋操縱提供了重要的理論支持。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of quantum mechanics, the rapid rise of quantum information technology has made great progress today. As the quantum computer has a unique multi-quantum state parallel computing capability, the classical quantum key encryption method has been severely challenged. At the same time, because quantum communication is absolutely safe in theory, more and more people start to focus on quantum communication. Single-photon source plays a very important role in quantum communication. Single-photon sources have also been widely used in weak absorption measurement and quantum random number generator. the quantum dots have the advantages of semiconductor materials, have the energy-level discrete structures with similar atoms, are easy to prepare and process, The quantum key distribution in the quantum communication requires a single-photon source and the like. The experimental results show that the quantum dots can be combined with the cavity to improve the coupling strength of the system, and the quantum dot-micro-cavity coupling model can be used in the laboratory to observe the interesting phenomena in the quantum electrodynamics of the cavity. In this paper, some basic knowledge, background theory, etc. of the quantum dot-micro-cavity are combined. The lasing properties of the quantum dot-microcavity coupling system are studied by using the quantum principal equation theory. The lasing phenomenon of different types of micro-cavity coupling systems ("a good system", "Medium system") under the effect of the applied pump field is explored, respectively. The internal characteristics (light field distribution, number of photons in the cavity, etc.) of the two kinds of micro-cavity coupling systems are analyzed and compared. The numerical simulation shows that, for the "a good system", in the case where the detuning amount is not large, it is difficult to introduce the appropriate pure decoherence to improve the lasing performance of the coupling system; for the "Medium system", because the photons in the cavity are relatively difficult to gather in the cavity under the detuning condition, it is difficult to achieve the lasing, But by introducing a proper amount of pure decoherence, the light field distribution and the number of photons in the cavity can be strongly modulated. The results can be used to study the single quantum dot laser and to explore the interaction of light and matter. In the strong-coupled quantum dot-micro-cavity system, the J-C ladder model is used for simulation. In case of double-pulse excitation, it is possible to reach any point of the Bloch spherical surface by controlling the magnitude and phase of the excitation power in principle. And the complete coherent regulation of the system is realized. In the end, two different coupling system models (red and blue detuning) are introduced, and a comprehensive quantum main equation of the acoustic subkey construction system is introduced, and by numerical simulation, the regulation and control effects of the phonon on the fluorescence spectrum of the micro-cavity system of the red and blue-lost quantum dots are studied, and the phonons are detuned to the red, The control intensity of the blue detuning quantum dot-micro-cavity system is different. The research results provide important theoretical support for resolving the resonance quantum dot spectrum and realizing the spin manipulation of the quantum dots.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN918;O413

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